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The Chittagong Hill Tracts,often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT,are group of districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh,bordering India and Myanmar (Burma). Covering 13,295 square kilometres (5,133 sq mi),they formed a single district until 1984,when they were divided into three districts:Khagrachari District,Rangamati Hill District,and Bandarban District.
Chittagong College is a government college in Chittagong,Bangladesh. It is the second college established in Bangladesh after Dhaka College. It offers higher secondary education (HSC),bachelor's degree and master's degree.
The Chakma people,are an ethnic group from the eastern-most regions of the Indian subcontinent. They are the largest ethnic group in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of southeastern Bangladesh,and the second-largest in Mizoram,India. Other places in Northeast India also have significant Chakma populations. Around 60,000 Chakma people live in Arunachal Pradesh,India;a first generation migrated there in 1964 after the construction of the Kaptai Dam forced them off their lands. Another 79,000 Chakmas live in Tripura,India,and 20,000-30,000 in Assam,India.
The Shanti Bahini was the armed wing of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti in Bangladesh. It is considered an insurgent group in Bangladesh. The Shanti Bahini was made out of mostly members from the Chakma tribe.
The Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti is a political party formed to represent the people and indigenous tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh. Since its inception in 1972,the PCJSS has fought for autonomy and the recognition of the ethnic identity and rights of the indigenous tribes of the Hill Tracts. Its military arm,the Shanti Bahini was used to fight government forces and Bengali settlers in the Hill Tracts. A peace accord was signed in 1997 led to the disarmament of the Shanti Bahini and enabled the PCJSS to return to mainstream politics.
Rangamati is the administrative headquarter and town of Rangamati Hill District in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. The town is located at 22°37'60N 92°12'0E and has an altitude of 14 metres (46 ft).
Khagrachari is a district in the Chittagong Division of Southeastern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region.
The Tripuri,are a Tibeto-Burman-speaking ethnic group of Northeast Indian state of Tripura. They are the descendants of the inhabitants of the Twipra/Tripura Kingdom in North-East India and Bangladesh. The Tripuri people through the Manikya dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Tripura for many years until the kingdom joined the Indian Union on 15 October 1949.
East Bengal was a non-contiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan. Geographically part of the Bengal region,East Bengal existed from 1947 until 1955,when it was renamed East Pakistan. Today,the area is an independent country,Bangladesh. With its coastline on the Bay of Bengal,it bordered India and Myanmar. It was located close to,but did not share a border with,Nepal,Tibet,the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Kingdom of Sikkim. Its capital was Dacca,now known as Dhaka.
The national language and official language of Bangladesh is Bangla according to the third article of the Constitution of Bangladesh. The second most spoken language in Bangladesh is claimed to be Burmese which is spoken by the Marma tribe in Chittagong Hill districts as the districts border Myanmar;it is also spoken by the Rohingya people. Almost 99% of Bangladeshis speak Bengali as their first language. Bengali Language Implementation Act,1987 made it mandatory to use Bengali in all government affairs except in the cases of foreign relations. According to a 2022 census,Bengali is predominantly spoken by 99% of the country's population and it also serves as the national language of the nation. The indigenous people of northern and southeastern Bangladesh speak a variety of native languages. Bangladesh has 44 indigenous languages according to Professor Shameem Reza.
Rangamati Government High School,also known as RGHS is a public government high school located in Rangamati Sadar,Rangamati. It is the first high school in Rangamati and Chittagong Hill Tracts. The school is known for being one of the most traditional and great educative schools in Rangamati. The exact location of this school is Old Police Line Road,Reserv Mukh,Reserve Bazar,Rangamati Sadar,Rangamati,Chittagong,Bangladesh. It was established in 1890 during the British Raj era. For more than 130 years it has served as a great academic institution. During the 1971 war,many of its students were killed. The school has created leaders,policymakers and professional people. Both tribal and non-tribal students study in the school. It is co-educational.
Manabendra Narayan Larma,also known as M.N. Larma,was a Jumma Chakma politician and Member of Parliament of Bangladesh. A leading proponent of the rights of the people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts,he was the founding leader of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti and its armed wing,the Shanti Bahini.
The Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord was a peace agreement signed between the Government of Bangladesh and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti,the political organisation that controlled the Shanti Bahini militia on 2 December 1997. The accord allowed for the recognition of the rights of the peoples and tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region and ended the decades-long insurgency between the Shanti Bahini and government forces.
Jyotirindra Bodhipriya Larma is a Bangladeshi Chakma politician and one of the main leaders of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (PCJSS). He also headed the Shanti Bahini militia until it was disarmed in 1997. He is the brother of late Chakma parliamentarian and PCJSS founder Manabendra Narayan Larma. He is also the president of Bangladesh Adivasi Forum and Chairman of Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council.
The Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict was a political and armed conflict between the government of Bangladesh and the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti and its armed wing,the Shanti Bahini,over the issue of autonomy and the land rights of Jumma people,mainly for Chakma people and the other indigenous of Chittagong Hill Tracts. Shanti Bahini launched an insurgency against government forces in 1977,when the country was under military rule,and the conflict continued for twenty years until the government and the PCJSS signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997.
Harishchandrapur Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Malda district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Wadud Bhuiyan is a Bangladeshi politician. He was the first Bengali politician to have been elected to the parliament from a Chittagong Hill Tracts constituency of Bangladesh. Bhuiyan was elected twice as the member of the Jatiyo Sangshad from Khagrachari constituency respectively in the 6th and 8th National Parliamentary Elections. In addition,he served as Chairman of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board from 2002 to 2006. He currently holds the posts of assistant employment secretary of Central Executive Committee of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and president of the opposition party's Khagrachari local unit as well.
Jharsuguda is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Jharsuguda district. It includes Jharsuguda,Kirmira block,Laikera block,Kolabira block and part of Jharsuguda block.
The Chakma Circle,also known as the Chakma Raj,is one of three hereditary chiefdoms in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of modern-day Bangladesh. The Chakma Circle encompasses parts of Rangamati Hill District and Dighinala and Rajasthali Upazilas in neighbouring Khagrachari District and Bandarban District respectively. The chiefdom's members are of Chakma descent.
The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was the constituent assembly of Bangladesh. It was the country's provisional parliament between 1971 and 1973. In 1972,it drafted and adopted the Constitution of Bangladesh. The assembly was dominated by the Awami League,with a minority being independent lawmakers.
References
- ↑ "Birendra Kishore Roaza- A Biography=2022-12-26". Elengcha Media.
- ↑ "About Us PCJSS". PCJSS.
- ↑ Samad, Saleem. "ANALYSIS OF PEACE PROCESS IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS". Academia.
- ↑ Chakma, Roktim. "23rd anniversary of The Historical Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord and my opinion". CHT Vanguard.
- ↑ "Revolutionary Manbendra Narayan Larma, the great hero of the liberation of rights-seeking people". Eye News.