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Location | Kolkata, India |
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Type | Science Educational |
Director | Subhabrata Chaudhuri |
Owner | National Council of Science Museums, Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India |
Birla Industrial & Technological Museum (BITM) is a science museum in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is a unit under National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Initially under the governmental jurisdiction of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), BITM is commonly recognized as the precursor of India's science museum concept.
Until 1919, the Birla Industrial & Technological Museum site, established at 19A Gurusaday Road, was initially referred to as 18 Ballygunge Store Road. In 1898 the Tagores purchased it from Mirza Abdul Karim, citing sources. For most of her early life, Meera Devi, the fourth among Rabindranath Tagore's five children, experienced childhood in this residence. G.D. Birla purchased the land from Surendranath Tagore in 1919, and it became recognized as Birla Park. [1]
Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, the former Chief Minister of West Bengal felt motivated to establish a similar establishment in India for citizen participation in science and technology following a tour of the Deutsches Museum in Munich. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India's prime minister and entrepreneur Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, supported and encouraged his concept and endeavors in this area. Birla Park, his magnificent mansion and surrounding block of land in Calcutta's affluent Ballygunge neighborhood, was bequeathed to the CSIR to establish an Industrial and Technological Museum. In 1956, Pandit Nehru got this wonderful donation from Shri G. D Birla. The voyage from the government of India taking over Birla Park in 1956 to the inauguration of the Museum in 1959 was spectacular and demanding. The development of India's first scientific Museum under the aegis of the central government was the product of meticulous research and diligent work by the Museum's steering group, which was led by Dr. B. C Roy himself and included several notable scientists, educators, and entrepreneurs. Prof. Humayun Kabir, the then union minister for scientific research and cultural affairs, inaugurated the Birla Industrial & Technological Museum to the world on May 2, 1959, in the presence of Dr. B C Roy, the former Director-General of CSIR Prof. M S Thacker, and the BITM Planning Officer Shri Amalendu Bose.
The formation of BITM in 1959, and its rising prominence among the common populace, particularly the student population, contributed to the development of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), which currently supervises a nationwide network of science museums and science centers. The Visvesvaraya Industrial & Technological Museum (VITM) in Bangalore, which officially opened in 1965 and became the second in the CSIR network, was entrusted to the BITM team in 1964. The Planning Commission of India established a Special Unit in 1973 to examine the operations of the science museums within the purview of CSIR. It recommended a potential direction of expansion while progress on the next endeavor in Mumbai (eventually to be called Nehru Science Centre) began. The Unit considered science museums as having enormous possibilities for incorporating non-formal scientific education and instilling a scientific mindset in the country. It was advised that science museums be established across the country in a three-fold network-national, regional, and district, and that a central organization is to be established to drive this vast expansion plan and manage the operations of the science museums. As a result, the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) was established on April 4, 1978, and the two established museums, BITM (Calcutta) and VITM (Bangalore) were separated from CSIR and placed under NCSM's authority. The NCSM network now includes 25 science museums and science centers around the country, eight of which are under the operational jurisdiction of BITM.
There were significant alterations once the Birlas acquired the property. The Tagores' home was dismantled, and architects N. Guin & Co. were commissioned to develop the significant architectural layout that visitors witness presently. It is a colonial adaption of a variety of European architectural designs. Several notable figures from the area of art, namely renowned Japanese painters Kakuzo Okakura, Yokoyama, Tikan, Hishida, and Katusta, came to see the Tagores during their reign. Revolutionary stalwarts of the era, such as Chittaranjan Das, Aurobindo Ghosh, Surendranath Banerjee, Rash Behari Ghosh, and Anandamohan Sen, were among the Tagores' guests.
While the Birlas as the new proprietors, 19A, Gurusaday Road (Birla Park) remained a unique landmark for India's independence movement as G D Birla's intimate ties with nationalist stalwarts led Mahatma Gandhi, Motilal Nehru, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Pundit Madan Mohan Malaviya to Birla Park. Chiang Kai-Shek, former President of the Republic of China, first met Mahatma Gandhi here at Birla Park. [2]
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Electricity, Petroleum, Nuclear Physics, Metallurgy of Iron, Steel, and Copper, Optics, Electronics, and Television were among the first exhibitions at BITM. Motive Power (1962), Communication (1963), Mining (1964), Popular Science (1965), Transport (1973), Underground Mock-up Coal Mine (1983), and Atom(1984) were among the numerous additional exhibits that sprung up as a result. However, since the public's expectations for BITM have changed, many of these old galleries have either been completely restored or replaced with modern exhibits. BITM has been providing in-museum instructional programs such as Common Seminars and Film Shows since its inception. Since 1965, Science Demonstration Lectures (SDL) for children remained a common element of BITM. BITM also launched the first-ever Mobile Science Exhibition (MSE) on wheels in the same period, with a theme of 'Our Familiar Electricity.' Since 1968, BITM has hosted a 'Science Fair' for pupils, and the first Teachers' Training Programme (TTP) was inaugurated the same year.
Creative Ability Centers (CAC), Computer Awareness Programmes, Engineering Fair, Pet Library, Inflatable Dome Planetarium Show, Public Science Shows, Students' Science Seminar, Science Drama, Vacation Hobby Camps, and numerous other in-museum and community engagement academic initiatives and events have been incorporated over the decades.
BITM presently features 15 educational and participatory Science Galleries, including a dedicated collection for the visually impaired individuals called 'A World in Darkness.' BITM hosts a variety of educational activities all year round and frequently hosts extremely engaging scientific exhibitions and experiments.
The Birla Industrial and Technological Museum (BITM) in Kolkata has a fascinating gallery called Popular Science. This gallery is designed to make science fun and interactive. It features exhibits like the Radio Bucket, Video Racing, Momentum Multiplier, Strength of Air Pressure, and Obedient Ball12. These exhibits help visitors understand basic science concepts through hands-on activities and demonstrations.
The Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum (VITM), Bangalore, India, a constituent unit of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), Ministry of Culture, Government of India, was established in memory of Sir M. Visvesvaraya. The 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) building was constructed in Cubbon Park, and was inaugurated by the first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, on July 14, 1962. The museum displays industrial products, scientific models and engines.
The Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) is a multidisciplinary research institute located at Jakkur, Bangalore, India. JNCASR was established by the Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India as a centre for advanced scientific research in India, to mark the birth centenary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India. In 2019, JNCASR was ranked #7 among the world's top ten research institutes and universities by Nature journal in a normalised ranking of research institutes and universities with high quality output.
Gariahat Road connects Ballygunge Phari with Prince Anwar Shah Road and Raja SC Mullick Road near Jadavpur Police station in the southern part of Kolkata, India. The space under Gariahat Flyover hosts one of the most prominent open air public chess playing areas in Kolkata. It is also a part of SH 1.
Gurusaday Dutt Road is one of the areas of Kolkata. Its old name was Ballygunge Store Road. It was named after Gurusaday Dutt, an ICS officer and a Bengali patriot.
Nehru Science Centre (NSC) is the largest interactive science centre in India. It is located in Worli, Mumbai. The centre is named after India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1977, the centre started with the 'Light and Sight' exhibition, and then in 1979 a Science Park was built. On 11 November 1985 it was opened to the public by Rajiv Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India.
The Raman Science Centre and Raman Planetarium Complex at Nagpur is an interactive science centre affiliated with Mumbai's Nehru Science Centre. The centre was developed to promote a scientific attitude, portray the growth of science and technology and their applications in industry and human welfare, and hold science exhibits. The centre is named after famous Nobel Prize winner Indian physicist Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman.
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Shrikrishna Science Centre is a science museum in Patna, Bihar, India which was named after the first Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Krishna Sinha. It was inaugurated on 14 April 1978, by the Minister of Education, Shri Thakur Prasad Singh. Shrikrishna Science Centre forms a unit of the National Council of Science Museums, an autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. It is located in the southwestern corner of the Gandhi Maidan. The science centre has been set up for the benefit of the public, especially students. A new innovation hub also been set up to promote critical thinking through activities in science. Various facilities like 3D printing, broadband internet facilities as well as advanced labs are available.
Nehru Centre is a centre to promote the teachings and ideals of the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, through educational and cultural programmes in the city of Mumbai, India. The Centre organises scientific, cultural and educational activities.
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The Goa Science Centre is a science museum, located on New Marine Highway, Miramar, Panjim. It is a joint project of a division of India's National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) and Goa's Department of Science Technology & Environment.
National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) is an autonomous scientific organization functioning under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India for science communication through its network of science museums or science centres spread across India. It is the largest chain of science centers/museums under a single administrative umbrella in the world. There are 24 own science centers or museums and one R & D laboratory and training centre. The NCSM has been built to co-ordinate all informal science communication activities in the museum space in the country.
B. M. Birla Planetarium is a large planetarium in Chennai, India. The fifth B. M. Birla planetarium in the country, it is located at Kotturpuram in the Periyar Science and Technology Centre campus which houses eight galleries, namely, Physical Science, Electronics and Communication, Energy, Life Science, Innovation, Transport, International Dolls and Children and Materials Science, with over 500 exhibits. Built in 1988 in the memory of the great industrialist and visionary of India B. M. Birla, it is considered the most modern planetarium in India, providing a virtual tour of the night sky and holding cosmic shows on a specially perforated hemispherical aluminium inner dome. Other Birla planetariums in India include the M. P. Birla Planetarium in Kolkata, the Birla Planetarium in Hyderabad, and the planetariums in Tiruchirapalli and Coimbatore.
Ranchi Science Centre is the first science centre in the state of Jharkhand in India, under Jharkhand Council on Science & Technology (JCST) of Department of Science & Technology, Government of Jharkhand (GOJ). The centre comprises two storied building that houses three permanent thematic galleries of covered area 42,000 square meter on an area of 13 acre land, provided by Government of Jharkhand, at Chiraundi village, Morhabadi near the Tagore Hill adjacent to Ranchi town at a capital cost of Rs. 87.5 crore or $1,374,494 which has been shared equally by Government of Jharkhand and Government of India. The science centre has been developed by the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), a wing of Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India. The centre was inaugurated by the chief minister Arjun Munda on 29 November 2010.
B. M. Birla Science Museum is an Indian science museum located in Hyderabad, India. Constructed by civil engineer P. A. Singaravelu, it comprises a planetarium, museum, science centre, art gallery as well as a dinosaurium. The museum itself was the second phase of the science centre when it opened in 1990. The centre also houses India's first private Space Museum. The museum is a unique facility which is dedicated to history of the space program of India. The space museum was inaugurated in July 2019 and was curated by Pranav Sharma.
The Birla Planetarium in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, is a single-storeyed circular structure designed in the typical Indian style, whose architecture is loosely styled on the Buddhist Stupa at Sanchi. Situated at Chowringhee Road adjacent to the Victoria Memorial, St. Paul's Cathedral and the Maidan in Central Kolkata, it is the largest planetarium in Asia and the second largest planetarium in the world. There are two other Birla Planetariums in India: B.M. Birla Planetarium in Chennai and the Birla Planetarium in Hyderabad.
Biman Bihari Das is an Indian sculptor and former Principal of the Government College of Art & Craft, Kolkata. He was honoured by the Government of India, in 2014, by bestowing on him the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, for his services to the field of Fine Arts.
Asis Datta is an Indian biochemist, molecular biologist and genetic engineer, known for his research on genetically modified foods and food nutritional security. He was the founding Director of the National Institute of Plant Genome Research and is credited with the discovery of genes that assist in extended preservation of fruits and vegetables. He is a recipient of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, the highest Indian award and in the Science category, and was awarded the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri, by the Government of India, in 1999. In 2008, he was included again in the Republic Day Honours list for the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan.