Bolivian Mennonite gas-facilitated rapes

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Bolivian Mennonite gas-facilitated serial gang-rape case
Location Manitoba Colony, Bolivia
Date2005 (2005)–2009 (2009)
Victims>151
PerpetratorsJacobo Neudorf Enss, Jacobo Wall Wall, Franz Dick Wall, David Guenther Banman, Abraham Peters Dick, Jacob Wiebe Knelsen, Johan Bolt Ham, Jacobo Wiebe Lowen, Peter Friesen Neufeld, Heinrich Knelsen Klassen; Peter Wiebe Wall (accomplice)

The Bolivian Mennonite gas-facilitated rapes were mass serial rapes by a group of men over at least four years in the Bolivian Mennonite settlement of Manitoba Colony. At least nine male members of the colony sprayed a veterinary sedative through window screens to render whole households unconscious. They then entered homes and raped the residents, particularly women and girls (but also small children). [1] The minimum number of known victims stands at 151. [2] Many victims were raped on multiple occasions. The youngest victim was three years old, the oldest was 65. [1] Multiple victims were pregnant and one delivered an extremely premature baby after going into labor following a rape. [3] There are believed to have been both adult and child male victims as well, but none were publicly identified. [2] The perpetrators were in some cases blood relatives of the victims, the crimes thus including incestuous abuse. [4]

The victims awoke with, variously, bruising, bleeding, semen deposits, torn clothing, missing clothing, rope burns, or dirty handprints on their bodies, but could not clearly remember what happened due to the anesthetic's effect on short-term memory. [1] Apparent dreams, brief impressions, "head-thumping stupor", and inability to react were also reported. The series of mystery attacks were thus initially attributed to Satan, demons, or phantoms; a popular name for the crimes is ghost rapes of Bolivia. A culture of modesty, privacy and/or secrecy initially prevented victims from communicating about their experiences, even amongst household members and families.

The case is somewhat poorly documented in part because the insular Mennonite community chooses to be socially and culturally isolated, because few if any of the Plautdietsch-speaking victims know Bolivian Spanish, [4] and because general education in the community is minimal and sexual education is poor or non-existent, preventing the women of the community from effectively documenting the attacks. [1]

The initial series of rapes was interrupted when two of the perpetrators were caught breaking and entering in June 2009. They implicated seven others within the Manitoba Colony community of about 2,500 people. The culprits stated they had been committing the rapes since 2005. [1] The men were turned over to Bolivian law enforcement for prosecution. [2]

The following were the 11 men convicted, with their ages in 2009: [5] [2]

The veterinarian who supplied the anesthetic gas, Peter Wiebe Wall, was sentenced to 12 years in prison. [6] Seven convicted rapists were sentenced to 25 years each. [1] The ninth accused man, Jacob Neudorf Enns, escaped prison shortly after being arrested; he remained a fugitive as of 2011, [6] [2] and was later reported to be living in Paraguay, which also has a large Mennonite community. [7] [1] Two men were tried and convicted in connected trials. [2]

Many residents of the colony now have steel doors and window bars on their homes, [1] where previously "houses were traditionally left wide open". [3]

The story inspired the novel Women Talking by Miriam Toews, which was adapted into a 2022 film of the same name. [4]

The "ghost rapes of Bolivia" may be part of a larger pattern of systemic sexual and incestual abuse within the Mennonite Old Colonies. [1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friedman-Rudovsky, Jean (22 December 2013). "The Ghost Rapes of Bolivia". Vice . Vol. 20, no. 8. Photographs by Noah Friedman-Rudovsky. Archived from the original on 11 July 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pressly, Linda (16 May 2019). "The rapes haunting a place that shuns the 21st Century". BBC News . Archived from the original on 15 May 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  3. 1 2 Schipani, Andres (9 September 2009). "'The work of the devil': crime in a remote religious community". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 18 July 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 Friedman-Rudovsky, Jean (27 January 2023). "I Covered the Story That Inspired 'Women Talking'". Time . Archived from the original on 22 June 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  5. "Nuevas violaciones en 2 colonias menonitas" [New rapes in 2 Mennonite colonies]. El Día (in Spanish). 3 September 2009. Archived from the original on 31 July 2025. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  6. 1 2 Muir, Ross W. (14 September 2011). "Bolivian Mennonite rape trial ends in convictions" (PDF). Canadian Mennonite Magazine . Vol. 15, no. 18. Mennonite Church Canada. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  7. Finn, Natalie (12 March 2023). "The Horrific Crimes That Inspired the Oscar-Nominated Film Women Talking". E! News . Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2025.