Boubou Hama (1906 –29 January 1982) was a Nigerien writer,historian,and politician. He was President of the National Assembly of Niger under President of Niger,Hamani Diori. [1] He died in Niamey,in 1982.
Hama was born at Fonéko,a small Songhai village in western Niger. [1] He studied at the École normale supérieure William Ponty and began his career as a teacher,in the mid-1920s becoming the first French-trained primary school teacher from what would soon become Niger. [1] As a writer he worked in many genres including history and theater. His writing gained international attention when his autobiography Kotia-nima (published with the support of UNESCO in 1971) won the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire. [2] His essay on African education won the Senghor Prize in the same year. His histories are said to place a great value on oral literature. [3]
Hama had been one of the founders of the Nigerien Progressive Party (PPN),a regional branch of the African Democratic Rally (RDA),and rose to become a close adviser of party leader and Deputy to the French National Assembly Hamani Diori. Following independence in 1960,the PPN became the ruling and sole legal party in Niger,and Hama became President of the National Assembly of Niger from 1961 to 1964. He was also one of the most prominent,and perhaps most powerful,members of the PPN politburo,which became the effective ruling body of the nation. One writer has called Boubou Hama the "eminence grise" behind Diori's rule. [4] The National Assembly of Niger met in largely ceremonial yearly sittings to ratify government positions. Traditional notables,elected as parliamentary representatives,often unanimously endorsed government proposals. Diori was re-elected unopposed in 1965 and 1970,but overthrown by military coup in 1974. [5]
This is the history of Niger. See also the history of Africa and the history of West Africa.
Elections in Niger take place within the framework of a semi-presidential system. The President and National Assembly are elected by the public,with elections organised by the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI).
Seyni Kountché was a Nigerien military officer who led a 1974 coup d'état that deposed the government of Niger's first president,Hamani Diori. He ruled the country as military head of state from 17 April 1974 until his death on 10 November 1987. Stade Général Seyni Kountché,Niger's national stadium in Niamey,is named after him.
Hamani Diori was the first President of the Republic of Niger. He was appointed to that office in 1960,when Niger gained independence from France. Although corruption was a common feature of his administration,he gained international respect for his role as a spokesman for African affairs and as a popular arbitrator in conflicts. His rule ended with a military coup in 1974.
The Nigerien Progressive Party –African Democratic Rally is a political party in Niger. It was the nation's leading political party of the pre-independence era,becoming the sole legal party of the First Republic (1960–1974). It was led by Niger's first President,Hamani Diori. After the end of military rule,the party reappeared as a minor parliamentary party led by Diori's son,Abdoulaye Hamani Diori.
Adamou Assane Mayaki was a Nigerien politician and diplomat. Mayaki was the Foreign Minister of Niger from 1963 to 1965,and a leading member of the ruling PPN-RDA party.
Abdou Sidikou was a Nigerien politician and diplomat. Sidikou was the Foreign Minister of Niger from 1967 to 1970 under Hamani Diori.
BarcourgnéCourmo was a Nigerien politician and diplomat. Courmo was Finance Minister and chair of the ruling party politburo in the 1960s,as well as the Foreign Minister of Niger briefly in 1970 under Hamani Diori.
The Republic of Niger has had seven constitutions,two substantial constitutional revisions,and two periods of rule by decree since its independence from French colonial rule in 1960. The "Seventh Republic" operated under the Constitution of 2010 until its dissolution in 2023 by General Abdourahamane Tchiani in a coup d'état.
The Union of Popular Forces for Democracy and Progress–Sawaba is a political party in Niger,founded as the Nigerien Democratic Union in 1954. The original party,founded by Nigerien Progressive Party (PPN) co-leader Djibo Bakary when he was expelled from the PPN. In the mid-1950s it created a broad coalition led by urban leftists but forged of conservative rural notables,especially from Hausa areas,which dominated the nascent Nigerien independence movement. In this period it was renamed Mouvement Socialiste Africain–Sawaba,and then simply Sawaba. In pushing for complete independence from France in a 1958 referendum,the party fractured. At independence in 1960 it found itself in opposition and outlawed by Niger's first president,Hamani Diori. From exile,the party attempted an abortive guerrilla campaign in the mid-1960s,and then largely disappeared. Its leadership returned to Niger following the 1974 military coup,but soon found themselves arrested,in exile,or marginalised. Following the return of democracy in 1991,the now elderly Bakary re-founded the party as UDFP–Sawaba. In the 1993 elections it took only a small numbers of votes. Within the year,the party had split,with a new faction (UDFR–Sawaba) joining the government coalition. Despite Bakary's death in 1998 and their continued electoral underachievement,both parties holding the Sawaba name continue.
The 1974 Nigerien coup d'état was a largely bloodless military insurrection which overthrew the first postcolonial government of Niger. The government that followed,while plagued by coup attempts of its own,survived until 1991.
The Cabinet of Niger is made up of the appointed heads of Niger's government Ministries. Ministers are chosen from the elected members of the National Assembly of Niger. According to the Constitution of 18 July 1999 the Prime Minister of Niger proposes the membership of the Council of Ministers,and the President of Niger appoints the Ministers,which is then authorized by the National Assembly. The Council of ministers meets at the discretion of the President,advises him on policy,and implements the policies he formulates. The Council of Ministers is headed by the Prime Minister of Niger,whose name is put forward by the National Assembly,and accepted by the President. The Assembly may remove the Prime minister by a vote of no confidence.
Mamadou Maidah was a Nigerien politician and diplomat. Mamadou was the Foreign Minister of Niger from 1963 to 1965,and a leading member of the ruling PPN-RDA party.
The 1996 Nigerien coup d'état was a military coup d'état which occurred on 27 January 1996 in Niamey,Niger. It ousted Niger's first democratically elected president,Mahamane Ousmane after nearly three years in power and installed General Ibrahim BaréMaïnassara as head of state. Prime Minister Hama Amadou was arrested in the coup and several soldiers and presidential guards were killed in the fighting.
Abdoulaye Hamani Diori was a Nigerien political leader and businessman. The son of Niger's first President,he waged a political and abortive military struggle against the Military regime that overthrew his father. With the return of democracy to Niger,Abdoulaye became head of his father's political party,and maintained a small but influential place in the political life of Niger until his death in 2011. Abdoulaye was married with four children. A Muslim,he earned the honorific 'Hadji' after making the pilgrimage to Mecca. He died 25 April 2011 at National Hospital in Niamey,aged 65,following an illness.
The Nigerien Action Bloc was a political party in Niger in 1955 and 1956 led by Issoufou Saidou Djermakoye,a traditional chief and former chairman of the Nigerien Progressive Party (PPN).
The Union for the Franco-African Community was a political alliance in Niger.
Aissa Diori also known as Aïchatou Diori was the wife of Hamani Diori and the First Lady of Niger. She amassed a large wealth through corruption,including high-priced real estate. She was killed in the 1974 Nigerien coup d'état.
The Union des Femmes du Niger (UFN) was a women's organisation in Niger,which was active from 1959 to 1974 and was affiliated to the Nigerien Progressive Party. It advocated,with limited success,for increases in women's rights.
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