 Boulevard de l'Amiral-Bruix | |
| Part of | Boulevard Lannes (1864-1932) |
|---|---|
| Namesake | Étienne Eustache Bruix |
| Type | boulevard |
| Owner | Paris |
| Length | 720 m (2,360 ft) |
| Width | 40 metres (130 ft) |
| Location | 48°52′30″N2°16′43″E / 48.8749°N 2.2786°E |
| From | Avenue de Malakoff |
| To | 161 avenue de Malakoff place de la Porte-Maillot |
The Boulevard de l'Amiral-Bruix is a boulevard in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals that circle the outer parts of the city.
The Boulevard de l'Amiral-Bruix starts at the Avenue de Malakoff and ends at the Place du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny. It is 720 metres (2,360 ft) long and 40 metres (130 ft) wide.
The French war department had completed the Thiers wall –including fortifications, a dry moat, a Rue Militaire and a large berm –around 1840. In 1859, the military engineering service gave conditional control to the Paris city council. [1] The expansion of the land area of Paris in 1860, by annexing bordering communities, created a situation where everything within the Thiers wall was Paris and everything without was not. The Thiers wall, with its accompanying berm and moat, led to a profound disruption and complication of the synergistic relationship between Paris and its suburbs.
Paris city council started upgrading and conversion of some sections of the Rue Militaire into boulevards in 1861, with the (yet unnamed) Boulevard de l'Amiral-Bruix one of the first stretches to open. In 1864, the boulevard was named after Jean Lannes (1769–1809), Duke of Montebello, Prince of Siewierz and Marshal of France. Each section of the upgraded Rue Militaire was then named for a marshal of the First French Empire (1804–1814) who served under Napoleon, leading to the entire ring being collectively called the Boulevards of the Marshals. The Boulevards of the Marshals concept was almost fully realized by 1932, with the original 19 boulevards named for Lefebvre or one of his fellow First Empire marshals.
In 1932, Paris chose to recognize the famed French Admiral Étienne Eustache Bruix (1759–1805) by renaming a portion of Boulevard Lannes as Boulevard de l'Amiral-Bruix. Bruix, who was a Vice admiral and had resigned as Minister of the Navy in July 1799, was one of Napoleon's confidants during the planning of the November 1799 Coup of 18 Brumaire. After seizing power, Napoleon promoted Bruix to admiral, and later appointed him as Conseiller d'État. This is one of only three Boulevards of the Marshals which do not bear the name of a marshal of France.
The final two sections of the Boulevards of the Marshals (named for 20th century generals Jean Simon and Martial Henri Valin), bringing the total to 22 and closing the ring, would not be completed until 2005.
The Boulevard Périphérique, often called the Périph, is a limited-access dual-carriageway ring road in Paris, France. With a few exceptions, it is situated along Paris's administrative limit.
The Rue de Rivoli is a street in central Paris, France. It is a commercial street whose shops include leading fashionable brands. It bears the name of Napoleon's early victory against the Austrian army, at the Battle of Rivoli, fought on 14–15 January 1797. Developed by Napoleon through the heart of the city, it includes on one side the north wing of the Louvre Palace and the Tuileries Gardens.
Jean Lannes, 1st Duke of Montebello, Prince of Siewierz, was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during both the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
Porte Dauphine is the western terminus of Line 2 of the Paris Métro. It is situated in the 16th arrondissement. Avenue Foch station, served by the RER C line, is located nearby, as is Paris Dauphine University.
Étienne Eustache Bruix was a French Navy officer and politician who served as Minister of the Navy and the Colonies from 1798 to 1799.
Sceptre was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Built under the Ancien Régime, she took part in the naval operations in the American Revolutionary War. At the Revolution, she took part in the main actions of the French Revolutionary Wars, notably the so-called Glorious First of June and in Bruix' expedition of 1799. Showing her age by the rise of the First French Empire, she was hulked and eventually broken up.
Duke of Montebello was a title created by French Emperor Napoleon I in 1808 as a victory title for Marshal Jean Lannes, one of Napoleon's most daring and talented generals. Lannes commanded the advance guard in the crossing of the Alps in 1800 and was instrumental in winning the Battle of Montebello.
The Boulevard Raspail is a boulevard of Paris, in France.
The Boulevards of the Marshals are a collection of thoroughfares that encircle the city of Paris, France, just inside its city limits. Most bear the name of a marshal of the First French Empire (1804–1814) who served under Napoleon I. The Île-de-France tramway Lines 3a and 3b today run on the Boulevards of the Marshals.
The city walls of Paris refers to the city walls that surrounded Paris, as it grew from ancient times until the 20th century, built primarily to defend the city but also for administrative reasons. Several successive city walls were built over the centuries, either adding to existing walls or replacing demolished ones, through 1846, when construction of the Thiers wall was completed.
The Thiers wall was the last of the defensive walls of Paris. It was an enclosure constructed between 1841 and 1846 and was proposed by the French prime minister Adolphe Thiers but was actually implemented by his successor. The 33 kilometres (21 mi) long wall and ditch made a complete circuit around the city as it stood at the time of the July Monarchy. It was bombarded by the Prussian Army during the Franco-Prussian War, captured by government troops during the Paris Commune and refortified at the start of the First World War. However, by then it had become obsolete as a fortification and was a barrier to the expansion of the city. The area immediately outside of it, known as "the zone", had become a shanty town. The wall was demolished in the interwar period; its path today can be traced by the Boulevards of the Marshals which originally ran just behind the fortifications and by the Boulevard Périphérique which was later built just outside. A few remnants of the wall can still be seen.
The Porte Maillot is one of the access points into Paris mentioned in 1860 and one of the ancient city gates in the Thiers wall.
Pierre, baron Berthezène was a French general.
The Faubourg Saint-Antoine was one of the traditional suburbs of Paris, France. It grew up to the east of the Bastille around the abbey of Saint-Antoine-des-Champs, and ran along the Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Paris:
The Boulevard Poniatowski is a boulevard in the Bel-Air, Picpus and Bercy neighborhoods in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals that run in the outer parts of the city.
The Boulevard Mortier is a boulevard in the 20th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals, which circle the outer parts of the city.
The Boulevard Lefebvre is a boulevard in the Saint-Lambert quarter in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals, which run in the outer parts of the city.
The Boulevard Soult is a boulevard in the Bel-Air neighborhood in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is one of the Boulevards of the Marshals that run in the outer parts of the city.
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