Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," and therefore violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. However, the decision's 14 pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools, and the Court's second decision in Brown II only ordered states to desegregate "with all deliberate speed".
The administrative divisions of New York are the various units of government that provide local government services in the state of New York.
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was one of the five cases combined into Brown v. Board of Education, the famous case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, in 1954, officially overturned racial segregation in U.S. public schools. The Davis case was the only such case to be initiated by a student protest. The case challenged segregation in Prince Edward County, Virginia.
A board of education, school committee or school board is the board of directors, board of trustees of a school, local school district or equivalent.
Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) is a public school district that serves Montgomery County, Maryland. With 206 schools, it is the largest school district in the state of Maryland, and the 14th largest in the United States. For the 2017–2018 school year, the district had 13,094 teachers, 86.4 percent of whom had a master’s degree or equivalent, serving 161,936 students at its 205 schools. In 2010, MCPS was awarded a Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The county spends approximately half of its annual budget on its public school system. The Board of Education includes a student member who has full voting rights, except in certain cases. The superintendent of schools is Dr. Jack R. Smith.
The Thames Valley District School Board is a public school board in southwestern Ontario. It was created on January 1, 1998, by the amalgamation of the Elgin County Board of Education, The Board of Education for the City of London, Middlesex County Board of Education, and Oxford County Board of Education.
Formal public school Education in West Virginia falls under the auspices of the West Virginia Department of Education. Each county in West Virginia constitutes a school district.
Horry County Schools (HCS) is a public school district serving Horry County, South Carolina and is the third-largest school district in South Carolina. It serves over 42,500 students in 51 schools around the county in 9 attendance areas. The district office is in Conway, South Carolina.
Hillsborough County Public Schools (HCPS) is a school district that runs the public school system of Hillsborough County in west central Florida and is headquartered in Tampa, Florida. It is frequently referred to as the School District of Hillsborough County (SDHC).
Simcoe County District School Board is an Ontario, Canada, English speaking public school board, serving Simcoe County. The schools and learning centres are branched throughout 4,800 square kilometres in Simcoe County. This Central Ontario setting is bordered by the Holland Marsh in the south, the Trent-Severn Waterway in the east, Grey County in the west and Muskoka in the north.
The Halton District School Board serves public school students throughout Halton Region, including the municipalities of Burlington, Halton Hills, Milton and Oakville. Its administration area is to the southwest of the city of Toronto. In 2006-2007, it served almost 50,000 students, excluding those in adult, alternative, and Community Education programs.
Laurel Highlands School District is a public school district located in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, USA. It serves North and South Union Townships. Laurel Highlands School District encompasses approximately 55 square miles. According to the 2000 federal census, it serves a resident population of 25,477. The residents' per capita income was $16,768, while the median family income was $37,681 a year. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. According to Laurel Highlands School District officials, for the school year 2007-08, Laurel Highlands School District provided basic educational services to 3,439 pupils. The District employs 235 teachers, 141 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 16 administrators. Laurel Highlands School District received more than $20.1 million in state funding in school year 2007-08.
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, 391 U.S. 430 (1968), was an important United States Supreme Court case dealing with the freedom of choice plans created to avoid compliance with the Court's mandate in Brown II. The Court held that New Kent County's freedom of choice plan did not constitute adequate compliance with the school board's responsibility to determine a system of admission to public schools on a non-racial basis. The Supreme Court mandated that the school board must formulate new plans and steps towards realistically converting to a desegregated system. Green v. County School board of New Kent County was a follow up of Brown v. Board of Education.
Duval County Public Schools (DCPS) is the public school district that serves the families and children residing in the urban, suburban, and rural areas of the City of Jacksonville and Duval County, Florida. As of 2015, the district had an enrollment of over 128,000 students, making it the 20th largest school district in the United States, and the 6th largest school district in Florida. The district's 197 schools are traditional neighborhood and magnet schools, charter schools, and alternative schools, all of which serve students of various needs.
Local government in New Jersey is composed of counties and municipalities. Local jurisdictions are simpler in New Jersey than in other states because every square foot of the state is part of exactly one municipality; each of the 565 municipalities is in exactly one county; and each of the 21 counties has more than one municipality. New Jersey has no unincorporated areas, independent cities, or consolidated city-counties.
Pasco County Schools is a school district that serves Pasco County in the U.S. state of Florida. It is headquartered in Land O' Lakes.
An intermediate school district, in the United States, is a term used by some states to classify a special agency that operates outside the traditional charter of a school district. The specific role of these agencies varies by state.
The Cobb County School District (CCSD) is the county government agency which operates public schools in Cobb County, Georgia, United States. The school district includes all of Cobb County except for the Marietta City Schools. It is the second-largest school system in Georgia and among the largest in the United States, with a 2014 enrollment of 111,751. It has 13,371 employees, 7,103 of whom are teachers. The district is the county’s largest employer and one of the largest in the US. All Cobb County schools are accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), and the district is among the first to have earned district-wide accreditation.
Miami-Dade County Public Schools (M-DCPS) is a public school district serving Miami-Dade County, in the U.S. state of Florida. Founded in 1885, it is the largest school district in Florida and the Southeastern United States, and the fourth largest in the United States, with a student enrollment of 356,086 as of August 30, 2017.
