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Research indicates that 44% of Brazilians have two religions. [1] Official data from the Brazilian census indicate that 1,011,507 Brazilians have two religions or follow a syncretic religion. [2] Because to miscegenation it is common for a person to have a father of one race and religion and a mother of another race and another religion, naturally that person can adopt the two beliefs or follow a religion that mixes the two beliefs. [3]
Many Afro-Brazilian religions are called Macumba, [4] but generally macumba is a vague word for any religion from Africa. [5] Tambor de Mina is a highly syncretic religious tradition, combining cultural elements of colonial Brazil and Portuguese culture with elements of the religious culture of the first Brazilian African slaves. [6] Candomblé is an Afro-Brazilian religion that mixes African beliefs with Catholic art and visuals. Many criticize that candomble is considered a syncretic religion, arguing that slaves needed to adopt Catholic elements so as not to be reprimanded by slave owners. [7]
Santo Daime, is a religion founded by Raimundo Irineu Serra known as Mestre Irineu, Raimundo was a Catholic who served as a soldier in the Brazilian Amazon, during that period he had contact with indigenous cults involving the sacred ayahuasca plant, used by the natives of the Brazilian Amazon. [8] Santo Daime is a religion that mixes Marianism with native Brazilian beliefs. Daime is an abbreviation of the Portuguese phrase 'give me love' (Dai-me Amor). [9] The Santo Daime religion has managed to reach other countries, it is possible to consider that it is a world religion. [10] Umbanda is a Kardecist Spiritism, Afro-Brazilian and Brazilian Shamanist religion, it emerged after a Kardecist medium Zélio Fernandino de Moraes came to accept the spirits of Natives and Blacks, [11] Umbanda broke with traditional spiritism. [12]
Pentecostalism in Brazil has ritualistic characteristics of Afro-Brazilian religions, [13] it is also very popular among black Brazilians, although Pentecostals deny that there is a syncretism between criticism and Afro-Brazilian religions. [14] One of the most popular Pentecostal churches in Brazil, the IURD (Igrja Universal do Reino de Deus), has an open relationship of syncretism with Judaism. [15] Brazilian Jewish authorities reject this syncretism. [16]