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Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I in 1917. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.
The Revenue Act of 1913, also known as the Underwood Tariff or the Underwood-Simmons Act, re-established a federal income tax in the United States and substantially lowered tariff rates. The act was sponsored by Representative Oscar Underwood, passed by the 63rd United States Congress, and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson.
The Irreconcilables were bitter opponents of the Treaty of Versailles in the United States in 1919. Specifically, the term refers to about 12 to 18 United States Senators, both Republicans and Democrats, who fought intensely to defeat the ratification of the treaty by the Senate in 1919. They succeeded, and the United States never ratified the Treaty of Versailles and never joined the League of Nations.
Wilsonianism, or Wilsonian idealism, is a certain type of foreign policy advice. The term comes from the ideas and proposals of President Woodrow Wilson. He issued his famous Fourteen Points in January 1918 as a basis for ending World War I and promoting world peace. He was a leading advocate of the League of Nations to enable the international community to avoid wars and end hostile aggression. Wilsonianism is a form of liberal internationalism.
The Pueblo speech was an address in favor of the League of Nations, given by US President Woodrow Wilson on the afternoon of September 25, 1919, in Pueblo, Colorado. It was the last of a series of speeches he gave advocating American entry into the League of Nations. In front of a crowd of over 3,000 people, Wilson delivered a speech that was over 6,100 words long. Shortly afterwards, he collapsed and the tour was prematurely ended. The speech is sometimes considered to have been a moving performance, but has also been noted for its attacks on "hyphenated Americans". The historian John Milton Cooper deemed it "the closing lines of one of the greatest speaking careers in American history."
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Woodrow Wilson's tenure as the 28th president of the United States lasted from 4 March 1913 until 4 March 1921. He was largely incapacitated the last year and a half. He became president after winning the 1912 election. Wilson was a Democrat who previously served as governor of New Jersey. He gained a large majority in the electoral vote and a 42% plurality of the popular vote in a four-candidate field. Wilson was re-elected in 1916 by a narrow margin. Despite his New Jersey base, most Southern leaders worked with him as a fellow Southerner.
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The Big Four or the Four Nations refer to the four top Allied powers of World War I and their leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. The Big Four is also known as the Council of Four. It was composed of Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States.
John Milton Cooper Jr. is an American historian, author, and educator. He specializes in late 19th and early 20th-century American political and diplomatic history with a particular focus on presidential history. His 2009 biography of Woodrow Wilson was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, and biographer Patricia O'Toole has called him "the world's greatest authority on Woodrow Wilson." Cooper is Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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This bibliography of Woodrow Wilson is a list of published works about Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president of the United States. For a more comprehensive listing see Peter H. Buckingham, Woodrow Wilson: A bibliography of his times and presidency.
The following is a list of works about the spouses of presidents of the United States. While this list is mainly about presidential spouses, administrations with a bachelor or widowed president have a section on the individual that filled the role of First Lady. The list includes books and journal articles written in English after c. 1900 as well as primary sources written by the individual themselves.
We Shall Be All: A History of the Industrial Workers of the World is a 1969 history book about the Industrial Workers of the World by Melvyn Dubofsky.
Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) was the prominent American scholar, who served as president of Princeton University from 1902-1910, governor of New Jersey from 1911-1913 and as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. While Wilson's tenure is often noted for progressive achievement, his time in office was one of unprecedented regression in regard to racial equality.
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States. The early life of Woodrow Wilson covers the time period from his birth in late 1856 through his entry into electoral politics in 1910. Wilson spent his early years in the American South, mainly in Augusta, Georgia, during the Civil War and Reconstruction. After earning a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University, Wilson taught at various schools before becoming the president of Princeton University. Wilson later went onto become governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, a major progressive reformer and then finally, President of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
The Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration deals with American diplomacy, and political, economic, military, and cultural relationships with the rest of the world during the Presidency of Woodrow Wilson, 1913–1921. Although Wilson had no experience in foreign policy, he made all the major decisions, usually with the top advisor Edward M. House. Wilson executed the Democratic Party foreign policy which since 1900 had, according to Arthur S. Link:
consistently condemned militarism, imperialism, and interventionism in foreign policy. They instead advocated world involvement along liberal-internationalist lines. Wilson's appointment of William Jennings Bryan as Secretary of State indicated a new departure, for Bryan had long been the leading opponent of imperialism and militarism and a pioneer in the world peace movement.
References
- ↑ Neu, Charles E.; Cooper, John Milton (2003). "Review of Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, John Milton Cooper Jr". The Journal of Southern History. 69 (3): 733–734. doi:10.2307/30040075. ISSN 0022-4642. JSTOR 30040075.
- ↑ Hogan, J. Michael; Cooper, John Milton (2003). "Review of Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, John Milton Cooper Jr". Rhetoric and Public Affairs. 6 (2): 375–378. doi:10.1353/rap.2003.0044. ISSN 1094-8392. JSTOR 41940320. S2CID 153882864.
- ↑ Steigerwald, David; Cooper, John Milton (2003). "Review of Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, John Milton Cooper Jr". The Journal of American History. 90 (3): 1058–1059. doi:10.2307/3660976. ISSN 0021-8723. JSTOR 3660976.
- ↑ Zierler, Matthew C. (Spring 2002). "Breaking the Heart of the world: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations". Congress & the Presidency. 29: 101–103.
- ↑ Ambrosius, Lloyd E. (2002). "Review of Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, John Milton Cooper Jr". The International History Review. 24 (4): 920–921. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR 40111173.
- ↑ Helbich, Wolfgang; Cooper, John Milton (2006). "Review of Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, John Milton Cooper, Jr". Amerikastudien / American Studies. 51 (4): 613–615. ISSN 0340-2827. JSTOR 41158275.
- ↑ Uebelhoer, Tracy S. (2003). "Review of Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations, John Milton Cooper Jr". Indiana Magazine of History. 99 (1): 74–76. ISSN 0019-6673. JSTOR 27792456.
- ↑ Mckillen, Elizabeth (November 2003). "The Unending Debate over Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations Fight". Diplomatic History. 27 (5): 711–715. doi:10.1111/1467-7709.00384. ISSN 0145-2096.
- ↑ Shesol, Jeff (14 October 2001). "A Light That Failed Completely". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 12 February 2021.
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