Buchanan North and West Neighborhoods Historic District

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Buchanan North and West Neighborhoods Historic District
119 Front St.jpg
119 Front Street
Buchanan North and West Historic District Map.png
Map of the Buchanan North & West Neighborhoods Historic District
Location Roughly bounded by Main, 4th, Chippewa, W. Front, S. Detroit, Chicago, Clark, Roe, and Charles Sts., Buchanan, Michigan
Architect Lorenzo Alexander, William Wallace Cameron, et al.
Architectural style Italianate, Greek Revival, Stick/Eastlake, Queen Anne, Bungalow/craftsman, etc.
NRHP reference # 11000863 [1]
Added to NRHP November 30, 2011

The Buchanan North and West Neighborhoods Historic District is a residential historic district located in Buchanan, Michigan and roughly bounded by Main, 4th, Chippewa, West Front, South Detroit, Chicago, Clark, Roe, and Charles Streets. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. [1]

Buchanan, Michigan City in Michigan, United States

Buchanan is a city in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,456 at the 2010 census. The city is located at the southeast corner of Buchanan Township, about 5 miles (8 km) west of Niles.

National Register of Historic Places federal list of historic sites in the United States

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance. A property listed in the National Register, or located within a National Register Historic District, may qualify for tax incentives derived from the total value of expenses incurred preserving the property.

Contents

History

Buchanan was first settled by Charles Cowles in 1833. Cowles constructed a sawmill near here. By 1841, there were four cabins, a gristmill, a sawmill and a distillery in the area, and in 1842 mill operator John Hamilton platted the village of Buchanan. Early development is not well documented, but a number of mills were built in Buchanan, drawing in workers. In 1843, a frame school was built within what is now this historic district. In 1849, the United Brethren Church (still extant) was constructed within the district, and the next year the first Presbyterian church followed. [2]

Following the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad in 1849, development boomed. Manufacturing facilities within Buchanan grew quickly, increasing the need for workers and new homes, most of which were located within this district. The village was incorporated in 1858 with 860 people; population had doubled by 1860. By 1878, the village population had increased to 2,300 people, who lived in 463 private homes. [2]

Michigan Central Railroad transport company

The Michigan Central Railroad was originally incorporated in 1846 to establish rail service between Detroit, Michigan and St. Joseph, Michigan. The railroad later operated in the states of Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois in the United States, and the province of Ontario in Canada. After about 1867 the railroad was controlled by the New York Central Railroad, which later became part of Penn Central and then Conrail. After the 1998 Conrail breakup Norfolk Southern Railway now owns much of the former Michigan Central trackage.

In 1905, the company that would eventually become the Clark Equipment Company moved to Buchanan, employing about 30 people. By the end of World War I, the number had increased to over 800 employees. The 1910s saw a correspondingly large growth in the housing stock in the district, and in 1922 the Buchanan High School was constructed at the southern edge of the district. In 1929, the company's total employment was near 1,300 people. Although there was a slowdown during the Great Depression, the last lots in the district were nearly filled in the 1940-49 period. [2]

Clark Equipment Company

Clark Equipment Company was an American designer, manufacturer, and seller of industrial and construction machinery and equipment.

World War I 1914–1918 global war originating in Europe

World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.

Buchanan High School (Michigan)

Buchanan High School is a public high school located in Buchanan, Michigan, United States. The school serves grades 8-12 and is part of the Buchanan Community Schools district.

Description

The Fulton House The Fulton House.jpg
The Fulton House

The Buchanan North and West Neighborhoods Historic District is located north and west of downtown Buchanan. It contains 698 buildings, mostly residential, as well as a small number of churches, schools, commercial buildings and other features. The district contains 428 "primary" buildings, including houses, churches, schools and commercial buildings, with the remainder being mostly garages and barns. These buildings range in height from one to two stories, with two-story buildings predominating, and date from the 1840s to the 21st century. Architectural styles include Greek Revival and Italianate, and other styles up to International Style and ranch. [2]

Greek Revival architecture architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries

The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture. The term was first used by Charles Robert Cockerell in a lecture he gave as Professor of Architecture to the Royal Academy of Arts, London in 1842.

Italianate architecture 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture

The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture.

International Style (architecture) Type of modernist architecture

The International Style is a major architectural style that was developed in the 1920s and 1930s and was closely related to modernism and modern architecture. It was first defined by Museum of Modern Art curators Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson in 1932, based on works of architecture from the 1920s.

The houses in the district are primarily wood framed, except for the larger houses located along Front Street, where brick and stone houses are more common. The district is largely intact, and has a high degree of integrity overall, with very few newer buildings constructed at the site of older ones. [2]

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References

  1. 1 2 "WEEKLY LIST OF ACTIONS TAKEN ON PROPERTIES: 11/28/11 THROUGH 12/02/11". National Park Service. December 9, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Pamela Hall O'Connor (August 12, 2011), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Buchanan North and West Neighborhoods Historic District (note: large pdf file)
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