CCL3L1

CCL3L1
Identifiers
Aliases	CCL3L1 , 464.2, D17S1718, G0S19-2, LD78, LD78-beta(1-70), LD78BETA, MIP1AP, SCYA3L, SCYA3L1, C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 like 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601395 GeneCards: CCL3L1
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• chemokine activity ; • cytokine activity ; • CCR chemokine receptor binding ;
Cellular component	• extracellular region ; • extracellular ;
Biological process	• lymphocyte chemotaxis ; • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway ; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway ; • GO:0032320, GO:0032321, GO:0032855, GO:0043089, GO:0032854 positive regulation of GTPase activity ; • cellular response to tumor necrosis factor ; • chemotaxis ; • inflammatory response ; • cellular response to interleukin-1 ; • monocyte chemotaxis ; • neutrophil chemotaxis ; • negative regulation of cell proliferation ; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade ; • immune response ; • cellular response to interferon-gamma ; • regulation of receptor activity ; • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway ; • positive regulation of inflammatory response ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6349
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	P16619
	n/a
	NM_021006
	n/a
	NP_001001437 ; NP_066286
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated January 02, 2021

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1, also known as CCL3L1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL3L1 gene.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Function

This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. Specifically, chemokines attract lymphocytes to sites of infection or damage. This protein binds to several chemokine receptors including chemokine binding protein 2 (CCBP2 or D6) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5).

CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of CCL3L1 to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry. Furthermore, the binding causes the receptor to be taken inside the cell by endocytosis, to eventually be reprocessed and re-expressed.^[2]

Gene organization

The human genome reference assembly contains two full copies of the gene (CCL3L1 and CCL3L3) and an additional partial duplication, which is thought to result in a pseudogene, designated CCL3L2. This record represents the more telomeric full-length gene.^[2]

Clinical significance

The copy number of this gene varies among individuals. This is hypothesized to be due to segmental duplication of the region containing CCL3. Most individuals have 1-6 copies in the diploid genome, although rare individuals have zero or more than six copies. With increased copy number, there is more CCL3L1 expressed, and so competition for the CCR5 binding site is increased. This leads to slower advancement of disease in HIV-infected individuals, giving those with greater copy number more resistance.^[2]

Interactions

CCL3L1 has been shown to interact with CCR5.^[5]^[6]

Related Research Articles

C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines.

Chemokine ligand 5 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene. It is also known as RANTES.

Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIP) belong to the family of chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines. In humans, there are two major forms, MIP-1α and MIP-1β that are now officially named CCL3 and CCL4, respectively. But we can sometimes encounter other names, especially in older literature, as LD78α, AT 464.1 and GOS19-1 for human CCL3 and AT 744, Act-2, LAG-1, HC21 and G-26 for human CCL4. But there are other macrophage inflammatory proteins aside from MIP-1. Namely MIP-2, MIP-3 and MIP-5.

Chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL gene.

Chemokine ligands 4, also known as CCL4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene.

Chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1) is also known as small inducible cytokine A1 and I-309 in humans. CCL1 is a small glycoprotein that belongs to the CC chemokine family.

Chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) is a small cytokine known as a chemokine that was previously called monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3). Due to CCL7 possessing two adjacent N-terminal cysteine residues in its mature protein, it is classified among the subfamily of chemokines known as CC chemokines. CCL7 specifically attracts monocytes, and regulates macrophage function. It is produced by certain tumor cell lines and by macrophages. This chemokine is located on chromosome 17 in humans, in a large cluster containing many other CC chemokines and is most closely related to CCL2.

Chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL8 gene.

Chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) or liver activation regulated chemokine (LARC) or Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 (MIP3A) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes and weakly attracts neutrophils. CCL20 is implicated in the formation and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues via chemoattraction of lymphocytes and dendritic cells towards the epithelial cells surrounding these tissues. CCL20 elicits its effects on its target cells by binding and activating the chemokine receptor CCR6.

Chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. The functions of CCL18 have been well studied in laboratory settings, however the physiological effects of the molecule in living organisms have been difficult to characterize because there is no similar protein in rodents that can be studied. The receptor for CCL18 has been identified in humans only recently, which will help scientists understand the molecule's role in the body.

Chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. This chemokine is also known as 6Ckine, exodus-2, and secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC). The gene for CCL21 is located on human chromosome 9. CCL21 elicits its effects by binding to a cell surface chemokine receptor known as CCR7.

C-C motif chemokine 22 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL22 gene.

Chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family is also known as thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC). CCL17 is expressed constitutively in thymus, but only transiently in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This chemokine specifically binds and induces chemotaxis in T cells and elicits its effects by interacting with the chemokine receptor CCR4. The gene for CCL17 is located on chromosome 16, in humans, along with other chemokines called CCL22 and CX3CL1.

Chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL19 gene.

Chemokine ligand 9 (CCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is also called macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma (MIP-1γ), macrophage inflammatory protein-related protein-2 (MRP-2) and CCF18, that has been described in rodents. CCL9 has also been previously designated CCL10, although this name is no longer in use. It is secreted by follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) such as that found around Peyer's patches, and attracts dendritic cells that possess the cell surface molecule CD11b and the chemokine receptor CCR1. CCL9 can activate osteoclasts through its receptor CCR1 suggesting an important role for CCL9 in bone resorption. CCL9 is constitutively expressed in macrophages and myeloid cells. The gene for CCL9 is located on chromosome 11 in mice.

C-C chemokine receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR1 gene.

Chemokine receptor 6 also known as CCR6 is a CC chemokine receptor protein which in humans is encoded by the CCR6 gene. CCR6 has also recently been designated CD196. The gene is located on the long arm of Chromosome 6 (6q27) on the Watson (plus) strand. It is 139,737 bases long and encodes a protein of 374 amino acids.

C-C chemokine receptor type 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR3 gene.

Chemokine-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCBP2 gene.

C-C motif chemokine 4-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL4L1 gene.

References

↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 2 3 4 "Entrez Gene: CCL3L1 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1".
↑ Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, Siebenlist U, Kelly K (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC 330932 . PMID 1972563.
↑ Hirashima M, Ono T, Nakao M, Nishi H, Kimura A, Nomiyama H, Hamada F, Yoshida MC, Shimada K (1992). "Nucleotide sequence of the third cytokine LD78 gene and mapping of all three LD78 gene loci to human chromosome 17". DNA Sequence. 3 (4): 203–12. doi:10.3109/10425179209034019. PMID 1296815.
↑ Miyakawa T, Obaru K, Maeda K, Harada S, Mitsuya H (Feb 2002). "Identification of amino acid residues critical for LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, binding to CCR5 and inhibition of R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 4649–55. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109198200 . PMID 11734558.
↑ Struyf S, Menten P, Lenaerts JP, Put W, D'Haese A, De Clercq E, Schols D, Proost P, Van Damme J (Jul 2001). "Diverging binding capacities of natural LD78beta isoforms of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha to the CC chemokine receptors 1, 3 and 5 affect their anti-HIV-1 activity and chemotactic potencies for neutrophils and eosinophils". European Journal of Immunology. 31 (7): 2170–8. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2170::AID-IMMU2170>3.0.CO;2-D . PMID 11449371.

External links

Human CCL3L1 genome location and CCL3L1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Hirashima M, Ono T, Nakao M, Nishi H, Kimura A, Nomiyama H, Hamada F, Yoshida MC, Shimada K (1993). "Nucleotide sequence of the third cytokine LD78 gene and mapping of all three LD78 gene loci to human chromosome 17". DNA Sequence. 3 (4): 203–12. doi:10.3109/10425179209034019. PMID 1296815.
Nakao M, Nomiyama H, Shimada K (Jul 1990). "Structures of human genes coding for cytokine LD78 and their expression". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (7): 3646–58. doi:10.1128/MCB.10.7.3646. PMC 360801 . PMID 1694014.
Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, Siebenlist U, Kelly K (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC 330932 . PMID 1972563.
Blum S, Forsdyke RE, Forsdyke DR (March 2009). "Three human homologs of a murine gene encoding an inhibitor of stem cell proliferation". DNA and Cell Biology. 9 (8): 589–602. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.589. PMID 2271120.
Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, Fuldner RA, Bult CJ, Lee NH, Kirkness EF, Weinstock KG, Gocayne JD, White O (Sep 1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature. 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098.
Naruse K, Ueno M, Satoh T, Nomiyama H, Tei H, Takeda M, Ledbetter DH, Coillie EV, Opdenakker G, Gunge N, Sakaki Y, Iio M, Miura R (June 1996). "A YAC contig of the human CC chemokine genes clustered on chromosome 17q11.2". Genomics. 34 (2): 236–40. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0274. PMID 8661057.
Nibbs RJ, Yang J, Landau NR, Mao JH, Graham GJ (June 1999). "LD78beta, a non-allelic variant of human MIP-1alpha (LD78alpha), has enhanced receptor interactions and potent HIV suppressive activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (25): 17478–83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17478 . PMID 10364178.
Xin X, Shioda T, Kato A, Liu H, Sakai Y, Nagai Y (Aug 1999). "Enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity of CC-chemokine LD78beta, a non-allelic variant of MIP-1alpha/LD78alpha". FEBS Letters. 457 (2): 219–22. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01035-2. PMID 10471782. S2CID 84114854.
Proost P, Menten P, Struyf S, Schutyser E, De Meester I, Van Damme J (Sep 2000). "Cleavage by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV converts the chemokine LD78beta into a most efficient monocyte attractant and CCR1 agonist". Blood. 96 (5): 1674–80. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.5.1674. PMID 10961862.
Lambeir AM, Proost P, Durinx C, Bal G, Senten K, Augustyns K, Scharpé S, Van Damme J, De Meester I (Aug 2001). "Kinetic investigation of chemokine truncation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV reveals a striking selectivity within the chemokine family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (32): 29839–45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M103106200 . PMID 11390394.
Struyf S, Menten P, Lenaerts JP, Put W, D'Haese A, De Clercq E, Schols D, Proost P, Van Damme J (Jul 2001). "Diverging binding capacities of natural LD78beta isoforms of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha to the CC chemokine receptors 1, 3 and 5 affect their anti-HIV-1 activity and chemotactic potencies for neutrophils and eosinophils". European Journal of Immunology. 31 (7): 2170–8. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2170::AID-IMMU2170>3.0.CO;2-D . PMID 11449371.
Miyakawa T, Obaru K, Maeda K, Harada S, Mitsuya H (Feb 2002). "Identification of amino acid residues critical for LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, binding to CCR5 and inhibition of R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 4649–55. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109198200 . PMID 11734558.
Townson JR, Barcellos LF, Nibbs RJ (October 2002). "Gene copy number regulates the production of the human chemokine CCL3-L1". European Journal of Immunology. 32 (10): 3016–26. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(2002010)32:10<3016::AID-IMMU3016>3.0.CO;2-D . PMID 12355456.
Modi WS (Apr 2004). "CCL3L1 and CCL4L1 chemokine genes are located in a segmental duplication at chromosome 17q12". Genomics. 83 (4): 735–8. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.09.019. PMID 15028295.
Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (October 2004). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites". Protein Science. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551 . PMID 15340161.
Gonzalez E, Kulkarni H, Bolivar H, Mangano A, Sanchez R, Catano G, Nibbs RJ, Freedman BI, Quinones MP, Bamshad MJ, Murthy KK, Rovin BH, Bradley W, Clark RA, Anderson SA, O'connell RJ, Agan BK, Ahuja SS, Bologna R, Sen L, Dolan MJ, Ahuja SK (Mar 2005). "The influence of CCL3L1 gene-containing segmental duplications on HIV-1/AIDS susceptibility". Science. 307 (5714): 1434–40. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1434G. doi:10.1126/science.1101160. PMID 15637236. S2CID 8815153.
Ryu OH, Choi SJ, Firatli E, Choi SW, Hart PS, Shen RF, Wang G, Wu WW, Hart TC (Apr 2005). "Proteolysis of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha isoforms LD78beta and LD78alpha by neutrophil-derived serine proteases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (17): 17415–21. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M500340200 . PMID 15728180.
Burns JC, Shimizu C, Gonzalez E, Kulkarni H, Patel S, Shike H, Sundel RS, Newburger JW, Ahuja SK (Jul 2005). "Genetic variations in the receptor-ligand pair CCR5 and CCL3L1 are important determinants of susceptibility to Kawasaki disease". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 192 (2): 344–9. doi:10.1086/430953. PMC 2894631 . PMID 15962231.

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[1] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-2] 1 2 3 4 "Entrez Gene: CCL3L1 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1".

[pmid1972563-3] Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, Siebenlist U, Kelly K (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC 330932 . PMID 1972563.

[pmid1296815-4] Hirashima M, Ono T, Nakao M, Nishi H, Kimura A, Nomiyama H, Hamada F, Yoshida MC, Shimada K (1992). "Nucleotide sequence of the third cytokine LD78 gene and mapping of all three LD78 gene loci to human chromosome 17". DNA Sequence. 3 (4): 203–12. doi:10.3109/10425179209034019. PMID 1296815.

[pmid11734558-5] Miyakawa T, Obaru K, Maeda K, Harada S, Mitsuya H (Feb 2002). "Identification of amino acid residues critical for LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, binding to CCR5 and inhibition of R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 4649–55. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109198200 . PMID 11734558.

[pmid11449371-6] Struyf S, Menten P, Lenaerts JP, Put W, D'Haese A, De Clercq E, Schols D, Proost P, Van Damme J (Jul 2001). "Diverging binding capacities of natural LD78beta isoforms of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha to the CC chemokine receptors 1, 3 and 5 affect their anti-HIV-1 activity and chemotactic potencies for neutrophils and eosinophils". European Journal of Immunology. 31 (7): 2170–8. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2170::AID-IMMU2170>3.0.CO;2-D . PMID 11449371.

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