CCL3L1

CCL3L1
Identifiers
Aliases	CCL3L1 , 464.2, D17S1718, G0S19-2, LD78, LD78-beta(1-70), LD78BETA, MIP1AP, SCYA3L, SCYA3L1, C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 like 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601395; GeneCards: CCL3L1; OMA:CCL3L1 - orthologs
Gene ontology Molecular function chemokine activity cytokine activity CCR chemokine receptor binding Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process lymphocyte chemotaxis chemokine-mediated signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of GTPase activity cellular response to tumor necrosis factor chemotaxis inflammatory response cellular response to interleukin-1 monocyte chemotaxis neutrophil chemotaxis negative regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade immune response cellular response to interferon-gamma regulation of signaling receptor activity cytokine-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of inflammatory response Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6349 n/a Ensembl n/a n/a UniProt P16619 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021006 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001001437 NP_066286 n/a Location (UCSC) n/a n/a PubMed search [1] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1, also known as CCL3L1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL3L1 gene. ^{[2] [3] [4]}

Function

This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. Specifically, chemokines attract lymphocytes to sites of infection or damage. This protein binds to several chemokine receptors including chemokine binding protein 2 (CCBP2 or D6) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5).

CCR5 is a co-receptor for HIV, and binding of CCL3L1 to CCR5 inhibits HIV entry. Furthermore, the binding causes the receptor to be taken inside the cell by endocytosis, to eventually be reprocessed and re-expressed. ^[2]

Gene organization

The human genome reference assembly contains two full copies of the gene (CCL3L1 and CCL3L3) and an additional partial duplication, which is thought to result in a pseudogene, designated CCL3L2. This record represents the more telomeric full-length gene. ^[2]

Clinical significance

The copy number of this gene varies among individuals. This is hypothesized to be due to segmental duplication of the region containing CCL3. Most individuals have 1-6 copies in the diploid genome, although rare individuals have zero or more than six copies. With increased copy number, there is more CCL3L1 expressed, and so competition for the CCR5 binding site is increased. This leads to slower advancement of disease in HIV-infected individuals, giving those with greater copy number more resistance. ^[2]

Interactions

CCL3L1 has been shown to interact with CCR5. ^{[5] [6]}

References

1. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2. "Entrez Gene: CCL3L1 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1".
3. Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, Siebenlist U, Kelly K (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC   330932 . PMID   1972563.
4. Hirashima M, Ono T, Nakao M, Nishi H, Kimura A, Nomiyama H, Hamada F, Yoshida MC, Shimada K (1992). "Nucleotide sequence of the third cytokine LD78 gene and mapping of all three LD78 gene loci to human chromosome 17". DNA Sequence. 3 (4): 203–12. doi:10.3109/10425179209034019. PMID   1296815.
5. Miyakawa T, Obaru K, Maeda K, Harada S, Mitsuya H (Feb 2002). "Identification of amino acid residues critical for LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, binding to CCR5 and inhibition of R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 4649–55. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109198200 . PMID   11734558.
6. Struyf S, Menten P, Lenaerts JP, Put W, D'Haese A, De Clercq E, Schols D, Proost P, Van Damme J (Jul 2001). "Diverging binding capacities of natural LD78beta isoforms of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha to the CC chemokine receptors 1, 3 and 5 affect their anti-HIV-1 activity and chemotactic potencies for neutrophils and eosinophils". European Journal of Immunology. 31 (7): 2170–8. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2170::AID-IMMU2170>3.0.CO;2-D . PMID   11449371.

External links

• Human CCL3L1 genome location and CCL3L1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Further reading

• Hirashima M, Ono T, Nakao M, Nishi H, Kimura A, Nomiyama H, Hamada F, Yoshida MC, Shimada K (1993). "Nucleotide sequence of the third cytokine LD78 gene and mapping of all three LD78 gene loci to human chromosome 17". DNA Sequence. 3 (4): 203–12. doi:10.3109/10425179209034019. PMID   1296815.
• Nakao M, Nomiyama H, Shimada K (Jul 1990). "Structures of human genes coding for cytokine LD78 and their expression". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (7): 3646–58. doi:10.1128/MCB.10.7.3646. PMC   360801 . PMID   1694014.
• Irving SG, Zipfel PF, Balke J, McBride OW, Morton CC, Burd PR, Siebenlist U, Kelly K (June 1990). "Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (11): 3261–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.11.3261. PMC   330932 . PMID   1972563.
• Blum S, Forsdyke RE, Forsdyke DR (March 2009). "Three human homologs of a murine gene encoding an inhibitor of stem cell proliferation". DNA and Cell Biology. 9 (8): 589–602. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.589. PMID   2271120.
• Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, Fuldner RA, Bult CJ, Lee NH, Kirkness EF, Weinstock KG, Gocayne JD, White O (Sep 1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature. 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID   7566098.
• Naruse K, Ueno M, Satoh T, Nomiyama H, Tei H, Takeda M, Ledbetter DH, Coillie EV, Opdenakker G, Gunge N, Sakaki Y, Iio M, Miura R (June 1996). "A YAC contig of the human CC chemokine genes clustered on chromosome 17q11.2". Genomics. 34 (2): 236–40. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0274. PMID   8661057.
• Nibbs RJ, Yang J, Landau NR, Mao JH, Graham GJ (June 1999). "LD78beta, a non-allelic variant of human MIP-1alpha (LD78alpha), has enhanced receptor interactions and potent HIV suppressive activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (25): 17478–83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17478 . PMID   10364178.
• Xin X, Shioda T, Kato A, Liu H, Sakai Y, Nagai Y (Aug 1999). "Enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity of CC-chemokine LD78beta, a non-allelic variant of MIP-1alpha/LD78alpha". FEBS Letters. 457 (2): 219–22. Bibcode:1999FEBSL.457..219X. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01035-2. PMID   10471782. S2CID   84114854.
• Proost P, Menten P, Struyf S, Schutyser E, De Meester I, Van Damme J (Sep 2000). "Cleavage by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV converts the chemokine LD78beta into a most efficient monocyte attractant and CCR1 agonist". Blood. 96 (5): 1674–80. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.5.1674. PMID   10961862.
• Lambeir AM, Proost P, Durinx C, Bal G, Senten K, Augustyns K, Scharpé S, Van Damme J, De Meester I (Aug 2001). "Kinetic investigation of chemokine truncation by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV reveals a striking selectivity within the chemokine family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (32): 29839–45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M103106200 . PMID   11390394.
• Struyf S, Menten P, Lenaerts JP, Put W, D'Haese A, De Clercq E, Schols D, Proost P, Van Damme J (Jul 2001). "Diverging binding capacities of natural LD78beta isoforms of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha to the CC chemokine receptors 1, 3 and 5 affect their anti-HIV-1 activity and chemotactic potencies for neutrophils and eosinophils". European Journal of Immunology. 31 (7): 2170–8. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200107)31:7<2170::AID-IMMU2170>3.0.CO;2-D . PMID   11449371.
• Miyakawa T, Obaru K, Maeda K, Harada S, Mitsuya H (Feb 2002). "Identification of amino acid residues critical for LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, binding to CCR5 and inhibition of R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (7): 4649–55. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109198200 . PMID   11734558.
• Townson JR, Barcellos LF, Nibbs RJ (October 2002). "Gene copy number regulates the production of the human chemokine CCL3-L1". European Journal of Immunology. 32 (10): 3016–26. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(2002010)32:10<3016::AID-IMMU3016>3.0.CO;2-D . PMID   12355456.
• Modi WS (Apr 2004). "CCL3L1 and CCL4L1 chemokine genes are located in a segmental duplication at chromosome 17q12". Genomics. 83 (4): 735–8. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.09.019. PMID   15028295.
• Zhang Z, Henzel WJ (October 2004). "Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites". Protein Science. 13 (10): 2819–24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC   2286551 . PMID   15340161.
• Gonzalez E, Kulkarni H, Bolivar H, Mangano A, Sanchez R, Catano G, Nibbs RJ, Freedman BI, Quinones MP, Bamshad MJ, Murthy KK, Rovin BH, Bradley W, Clark RA, Anderson SA, O'connell RJ, Agan BK, Ahuja SS, Bologna R, Sen L, Dolan MJ, Ahuja SK (Mar 2005). "The influence of CCL3L1 gene-containing segmental duplications on HIV-1/AIDS susceptibility". Science. 307 (5714): 1434–40. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1434G. doi:10.1126/science.1101160. PMID   15637236. S2CID   8815153.
• Ryu OH, Choi SJ, Firatli E, Choi SW, Hart PS, Shen RF, Wang G, Wu WW, Hart TC (Apr 2005). "Proteolysis of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha isoforms LD78beta and LD78alpha by neutrophil-derived serine proteases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (17): 17415–21. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M500340200 . PMID   15728180.
• Burns JC, Shimizu C, Gonzalez E, Kulkarni H, Patel S, Shike H, Sundel RS, Newburger JW, Ahuja SK (Jul 2005). "Genetic variations in the receptor-ligand pair CCR5 and CCL3L1 are important determinants of susceptibility to Kawasaki disease". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 192 (2): 344–9. doi:10.1086/430953. PMC   2894631 . PMID   15962231.