The Carnation Revolution, also known as the 25 April, was a military coup by military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo government on 25 April 1974 in Lisbon, producing major social, economic, territorial, demographic, and political changes in Portugal and its overseas colonies through the Processo Revolucionário Em Curso. It resulted in the Portuguese transition to democracy and the end of the Portuguese Colonial War.
"Grândola, Vila Morena" is a Portuguese song by singer-songwriter José Afonso, recorded in 1971. It was originally released in Afonso's 1971 album Cantigas do Maio and later released in an EP of the same name in 1973, and as a single in 1977.
Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 27 June 1976.
Constituent Assembly elections were carried out in Portugal on 25 April 1975, exactly one year after the Carnation Revolution. The election elected all 250 members of the Portuguese Constituent Assembly.
The 1976 Portuguese legislative election was held on Sunday 25 April, exactly one year after the previous election, and two years after the Carnation Revolution. With a new Constitution approved, the country's main aim was economic recovery and strengthening its democratic institutions. The election renewed all 263 members of the Assembly of the Republic.
The Ongoing Revolutionary Process was the period during the Portuguese transition to democracy starting after a failed right-wing coup d'état on 11 March 1975, and ended after a failed left-wing coup d'état on 25 November 1975. This far-left politics, labor movement-inspired period was marked by political turmoil, right-wing and left-wing violence, instability, the nationalization of companies, forcible occupation and expropriation of private lands as well as talent and capital flight.
Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho, GCL was a Portuguese military officer who was the chief strategist of the 1974 Carnation Revolution and who later became a terrorist leader.
The Armed Forces Movement was an organization of lower-ranking officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces. It was responsible for instigating the Carnation Revolution of 1974, a military coup in Lisbon that ended Portugal's corporatist New State regime and the Portuguese Colonial War, which led to the independence of Portugal's overseas territories in Africa. The MFA instituted the National Salvation Junta as the provisional national government 1974 to 1976, following a communiqué of its president, António de Spínola, at 1:30 a.m. on 26 April 1974.
The Madeira Archipelago Liberation Front, or FLAMA, was a right-wing terrorist paramilitary organisation from Madeira, whose main goal was to achieve Madeira's independence from mainland Portugal.
The Forças Populares 25 de Abril was a far-left terrorist group led by Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, operating in Portugal between 1980 and 1987. Most of its members had previously been active in the Brigadas Revolucionárias, an armed group with links to the Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat.
The Companhia União Fabril (CUF) was one of the largest and oldest Portuguese conglomerates from the 1930s to 1974 and later a chemical corporation which was by then a part of Grupo José de Mello founded in 1988. After many acquisitions, mergers and divestitures, from the late 1970s to the 2010s, the company known as CUF and its brand was gradually restructured and morphed into a brand-new hospital in Lisbon. Now the brand cuf, whose major shareholders and founders are heirs of the old CUF conglomerate, is tied to one of the major healthcare providers of Portugal known as cuf saúde with several hospitals and clinics across the country and formerly known as José de Melo Saúde, a healthcare provider which is a division of Grupo José de Mello. The chemical industry businesses were consolidated in 2018 into a new brand and company called Bondalti which was established within the Grupo José de Mello.
The Coup of 25 November 1975 was a military movement led by parts of the Portuguese Armed Forces, whose outcome would later lead to the end of the Ongoing Revolutionary Process (PREC) and to a stabilization process of the representative democracy in Portugal.
The Group of Nine was a group of nine moderate military officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces, led by Melo Antunes, who participated in the Movimento das Forças Armadas that brought about the Carnation Revolution.
The Processo Revolucionário Em Curso is the period of the history of Portugal from the Carnation Revolution on 25 April 1974 to the establishment of a new constitution and the legislative elections on 25 April 1976. The turbulent period saw a number of governing bodies.
Carlos Carneiro Antunes was a Portuguese terrorist and politician. He was, together with Isabel do Carmo, co-founder of the Brigadas Revolucionárias a Portuguese far-left terrorist organization that acted in Portugal between 1970 and 1980.
Isabel do CarmoComL is a former founder and leader of the Portuguese terrorist organization, Brigadas Revolucionárias (BR), which took part in an armed struggle against the Portuguese government, both before and after the overthrow of the repressive Estado Novo regime. She was also the founder and leader of Partido Revolucionário do Proletariado (PRP), a political organization never formalized as a party and created to support the BR. She was held in pre-trial prison from 1978 to 1982. Carmo, a doctor and a University professor, has published extensively, on both medical and political issues.
The Brigadas Revolucionarias (BR) were a terrorist organization active in Portugal between 1970 and 1980.
Revolução sem sangue is a 2024 Portuguese film directed by Rui Pedro Sousa. The film, the director's debut feature, was released on April 11, 2024, in Portugal so as to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Carnation Revolution, which it depicts. Despite that revolution being largely considered a "bloodless" one, the film focuses on four persons whom were killed during the events. That is why the title, after being shown as Revolução sem sangue in the opening credits is stylised Revolução sem sangue in the end credits.
Aurora Rosa Salvador Rodrigues is a Portuguese retired magistrate of the Public Prosecution Service. Rodrigues studied law at the University of Lisbon. After she attended a student demonstration, the Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado (PIDE) arrested her. The PIDE deprived Rodrigues of sleep for over two weeks to induce hallucinations, among other forms of torture. She was never formally charged and was released after three months. Rodrigues graduated and became a magistrate and president of the Evorian section of the Sindicato dos Magistrados. After retiring, she wrote an account of her experiences with the Estado Novo.
Portugal 
