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Cadell Ddyrnllwg (Welsh for 'Cadell of the Gleaming Hilt'; born c. AD 430) was a mid-5th century King of Powys. [1]
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According to Chapters 32-35 of the Historia Brittonum attributed to Nennius, Cadell came to power in Powys as a result of clergyman Saint Germanus of Auxerre's second visit to Britannia in the 440s. [2] Then Bishop of Auxerre in Gaul, Germanus had been sent by his superiors to preach against Pelagian views popular among the Britons but considered heresy by the Church. [3] Cadell was then a servant at the residence of the then-King of Powys Benlli, possibly an Irish chieftain. [4] The "iniquitous and tyrannical" Benlli refused Germanus entry, leaving the clergyman and his party without shelter as night approached. Cadell was then one of Benlli's servants and offered Germanus lodging for the night. The next morning Germanus witnessed another of Benlli's attendants executed by his master for arriving late, and having determined Cadell's piety, counseled him to quit Benlli's castle and advise his friends likewise. That night "fire fell from heaven, and burned the city, together with all those who were with the tyrant, so that not one escaped; and that citadel has never been rebuilt even to this day." [5] After the cataclysm Germanus blessed Cadell and proclaimed he and his descendants would rule in Powys from then on. [6]
It is unclear where the Powysian capital was at the time; tradition suggests the Clwydian hillfort Foel Fenlli, [7] the 'Hill of Benlli', while archaeological evidence points to Caer Guricon (Roman Viroconium Cornoviorum , now Wroxeter, Shropshire). The latter was occupied well into the sixth century, and an ancient memorial stone bearing the Celtic name Cunorix, known as the Wroxeter Stone, has been discovered here. [8] [9] [10] However Wroxeter shows no signs of a violent end, instead being abandoned or perhaps evacuated by its occupants towards the end of the seventh century.
According to Peter Bartrum, the meaning of Cadell's cognomen Ddyrnllwg became obscure early on and was possibly interpreted as teyrn, meaning 'prince', and llwch, 'dust'. The author of the legend is likely to have associated Cadell with Psalm 113:7, "He raiseth up the poor out of the dust". It later came to be associated with an imagined territory named Teyrnllwg. [11] This association began with antiquarian-forger Iolo Morganwg's manuscripts [12] and the Brut y Tywysogion in The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales , for which Iolo Morganwg assisted in finding manuscripts, from the nineteenth century. [13] Other possibilities are that Cadell Ddyrnllwg is an alternative name, perhaps derived from Late Roman conventions, for the better-known figure of Vortigern, [14] or that Cadell is one of Vortigern's descendants, perhaps a grandchild. [15]
Cadell married Gwelfyl, one of the many daughters of King Brychan Brycheiniog. They had a number of children, including Tegid, the father of Gwynllyw, and possibly Gwynfyr Frych, Ystradwel and Ddewer.[ citation needed ] Cadell apparently died quite young.
