Camden, Calvert and King

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Camden, Calvert and King was an eighteenth-century partnership that traded in London from 1760 to 1824, [1] transporting slaves and later convicts. The partners' profits from slave trading created capital to fund other ventures including the East Indies trade, supplying the British army and navy with food, insurance underwriting and the status to obtain positions in important London organisations including the Corporation of London, Bank of England, East India Company, African Company of Merchants and Trinity House.

Contents

Activities

The partners owned whalers, merchant vessels trading to the East and West Indies, slave ships, and vessels transporting convicts to Australia. [2]

The partners became involved in the transportation of English convicts first to America and later to Australia. [3] The firm had the contracts for the Second and Third Fleets transporting convicts to Australia in 1790 and 1791 respectively.

They were the largest company in London involved in the triangular trade in enslaved people. [4] Between 1776 and 1807, either together or separately, the firms partners launched 93 slave voyages [5] and at its peak Camden, Calvert and King was responsible for a fifth of all slaving voyages sailing from London. [6] After the British Parliament passed an Act for the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, the company continued to put its know-how in transporting people to work transporting convicts to Australia. [4]

The principal partners were William Camden (173? - 1796), Anthony Calvert (1735-1809) and Thomas King (1735? – 1824). [1]

The business of the firm also extended to insurance and finance. Thomas King became a subscriber to the Lloyd's insurance market in 1798. He had been underwriting slaves ships in the market from at least 1794. Calvert became a subscriber to Lloyd's in 1800. [7]


Addresses

[2]

Vessels

Citations

  1. 1 2 Cozens, Kenneth James. "Politics, Patronage and Profit: A Case Study of Three 18th Century London Merchants" (PDF). merchantnetworks.com. Ken Cozens and Dan Byrnes. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  2. 1 2 Clayton (2014), Addendum p. 11.
  3. ↑ Christopher, Emma (2011). A Merciless Place: The Fate of Britain's Convicts after the American Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0199782550.
  4. 1 2 "London's slave paper trail". BBC London. BBC. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  5. ↑ "The City of London and slavery: evidence from the first dock companies,1795–1800 By N. DRAPER" (PDF).
  6. ↑ "The transatlantic slave trade in Greenwich". Royal Museums Greenwich.
  7. ↑ "John Julius Angerstein" (PDF). Lloyd's.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anthony Calvert</span>

Anthony Calvert (1735–1809) was an English entrepreneur of the eighteenth century particularly noted for his activity as a slave trader. He was a partner of Camden, Calvert and King, one of the most prominent slave trading enterprises in London. They imported tea from China and cotton from India. He also became involved in the transportation of English convicts first to Africa and later to Australia.

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Experiment was launched on the River Thames in 1789. She made seven voyages for Calvert & Co. as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people, carrying captives from the Gold Coast to Jamaica. A French squadron captured her in 1795.

Ann or Anne has been a popular name for ships.

Thomas King was a British slave-trader and partner in the firm of Camden, Calvert and King.

William Camden was an English merchant who was a partner in the slave-trading partnership of Camden, Calvert and King. He was also in partnership with his brother, John Camden, in the family sugar-refining business, and had business connections with prominent German and Huguenot families in east London.

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Minerva was built in the Americas in 1791 and taken in prize from the Spanish. She made six voyages from London as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She is last listed in 1813 but with data stale since her last voyage transporting enslaved people in 1807.

Diligence was a Spanish prize that British owners acquired in 1799. She initially traded as a West Indiaman. Then in 1801–1802 she made one complete voyage as a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. On her second voyage as a slaver, the French captured her in 1804 before she had embarked any slaves.

References

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