Camilo Jacoby Soledad [1] (1856 [1] - January 4, 1897) was a Bicolano hero, martyr [2] [3] [4] and revolutionary. [5] [6] [2] [7] He was also known as one of the 11 among the Fifteen Martyrs of Bicol who were executed in Bagumbayan (Luneta), now Rizal Park, by Spanish authorities at the end of 19th century during the Philippine revolution.
Being a native, he grew up and was raised in Polangui, in the province of Albay. At the time he was implicated, he was already pursuing a career as a successful professional, [2] and commercial [5] photographer, thereby maintaining his photographic studio at Nueva Caceres, now Naga City. Since at that time, photography was considered as novelty and as one of the luxuries, it made him well known amongst clients who were from families of government officials and businessmen who wanted their portraits taken. [2]
The onset of Philippine revolution on the last part of 1896 raised concerns among the Spanish authorities of its possible outbreak in the Bicol region. Thus, those who were liberal-minded were bitterly persecuted on grounds of not just holding separatist ideologies but on advocating the overthrowing of Spain's authority in the Philippines. [2] These persecutions involved businessmen and professionals, mostly adherents to Masonry and members of the clergy. [5] [2] Among the arrested was Vicente Lukban, head of Masonic chapter, Triangulo Bikol, belonging to the Masonic lodge, La Luz Oriente, which, upon interrogation, implicated Jacob as one of the active member and supporter of the Katipunan. [2]
On September 19, 1896, he, along with many others accused with rebellion and sedition, he was arrested. Upon arrest, each of them were hung by their thumbs of fingers and beaten up, starved and insulted. [2] Then they were sent and brought to Manila, for trial by the Provincial Junta of Camarines Sur headed by then Governor Julian Ocampo, [5] [3] on board steamer Isarog and imprisoned in Bilibid only to be tortured again. Even so, they were tortured and all, Jacob remained an exemplary as "the prisoner who suffered the most torture with great fortitude". [4] After they were sentenced on accusations against them, on January 4, 1897, 5 days after Jose Rizal's execution, Jacob, along with 10 others were marched to the site and was executed with firing squad, [5] as their families stood watch amongst the crowd. Then the Spanish authorities immediately ordered the families to bury them on that day to prevent outpouring sympathizers. [3]
On March 7, 2017, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) unveiled the Camilo Jacob Historical marker in Polangui, Albay and turned it over to the local government of Polangui. [7]
Albay, officially the Province of Albay, is a province in the Bicol Region of the Philippines, mostly on the southeastern part of the island of Luzon. Its capital is the city of Legazpi, the regional center of the whole Bicol Region, which is located in the southern foothill of Mayon Volcano.
Sorsogon, officially the Province of Sorsogon, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region. It is the southernmost province in Luzon and is subdivided into fourteen municipalities (towns) and one city. Its capital is Sorsogon City and borders the province of Albay to the north.
The Bicol Region, commonly shortened to Bicol and designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. Also referred to as Bicolandia, it comprises six provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula : Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, and Sorsogon, and two off the shore: Catanduanes and Masbate.
Camarines Sur, officially the Province of Camarines Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region on Luzon. Its capital is Pili and the province borders Camarines Norte and Quezon to the northwest, and Albay to the south. To the east lies the island province of Catanduanes across the Maqueda Channel.
Camarines Norte, officially the Province of Camarines Norte, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Daet. The province borders Quezon to the west, Camarines Sur to the south, and the Philippine Sea to the north. It has historically been a Bikol-speaking region. However, there has been a language shift in recent years to Tagalog, which is more commonly used nowadays.
Polangui, officially the Municipality of Polangui, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 89,176 people.
Naga, officially the City of Naga, Spanish: Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres, or the Pilgrim City of Naga, is a 1st class independent component city in the Bicol Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 209,170 people.
The Bicolano people are the fourth-largest Filipino ethnolinguistic group. Their native region is commonly referred to as Bicolandia, which comprises the entirety of the Bicol Peninsula and neighboring minor islands, all in the southeast portion of Luzon. Males from the region are often referred to as Bicolano, while Bicolana may be used to refer to females.
The Universidad de Sta. Isabel, also simply referred to as USI or Sta. Isabel, is a private Catholic university run by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul in Naga, Camarines Sur, Philippines. It was founded by the Rt Rev. Francisco Gainza, O.P., Bishop of Caceres, in 1868 as the first normal school for women in the Philippines and Southeast Asia, named in honor of the university's patron, St. Isabel, Queen of Hungary.
The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite were Filipino patriots in Cavite, Philippines who were executed by musketry on September 12, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The de facto capital city of Trece Martires in Cavite is named after them.
Capital punishment in the Philippines specifically, the death penalty, as a form of state-sponsored repression, was introduced and widely practiced by the Spanish government in the Philippines. A substantial number of Filipino national martyrs like Mariano Gómez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite, Thirteen Martyrs of Bagumbayan, Fifteen Martyrs of Bicol, Nineteen Martyrs of Aklan and Jose Rizal were executed by the Spanish government.
Central Bikol, commonly called Bikol Naga or simply as Bikol, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Bicolanos, primarily in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon, Philippines. It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines Sur, second congressional district of Camarines Norte, eastern part of Albay, northeastern part of Sorsogon, San Pascual town in Masbate, and southwestern part of Catanduanes. Central Bikol speakers can be found in all provinces of Bicol and it is a majority language in Camarines Sur. The standard sprachraum form is based on the Canaman dialect.
Tomás Arejola y Padilla was a Filipino lawyer, legislator, diplomat, political writer and a propagandist during the Spanish colonial period. A mason and a liberal, he openly campaigned for political reforms in the Philippines. But this was to pass and the Americans took over. During the Commonwealth period, Arejola joined the Nacionalista Party becoming its first vice-president and twice in the elections of 1907 and 1911 was elected the Representative of Ambos Camarines.
This is a list of notable events that happened in the Philippines in the year 1897.
1896 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1896.
The Fifteen Martyrs of Bicol were Filipino patriots in Bicol, Philippines who were executed by firing squad on January 4, 1897, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain.
The Thirteen Martyrs of Bagumbayan were Filipino patriots in the Philippines who were executed by musketry on January 11, 1897, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain.
The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of Central Philippine languages spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the southeastern part of Luzon, the neighboring island-province of Catanduanes, and the island of Burias in Masbate.
This is the timeline of the Philippine Revolution—the uprising that gave birth to Asia's first republic. The roots of the revolution trace back to the Cavite mutiny and subsequent execution of Gomburza in 1872, and ended with the declaration of independence from Spain in 1898.