Campaign for World Government | |
Abbreviation | CWG |
---|---|
Founded | 1937 |
Founder | |
Type | Non-profit NGO |
Purpose | humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, world government |
Location |
|
Fields | World Federalism, Peace |
Key people |
The Campaign for World Government was established in 1937 by prominent feminists and peace activists Rosika Schwimmer and Lola Maverick Lloyd. [1] CWG emerged as the pioneering organization advocating for the establishment of a democratic federal world government. [2] From 1943 to 1990, Georgia Lloyd, daughter of Lola Maverick Lloyd, led the Campaign after Lola's passing. [3] [4]
The Campaign utilized various strategies, including providing congressional testimony, lobbying lawmakers, conducting national letter-writing campaigns, and active participation in international conferences on world government. These efforts were instrumental in advancing the organization's agenda. Notable achievements included the introduction of a resolution by Hamilton Fish during the 1938 New York State Constitutional Convention, which urged President Roosevelt to convene a world constitutional convention, additionally, the introduction of several resolutions and bills in Congress, such as the "Alexander Peace Bill" (H.J.R. 610, 76th Cong. (1940)) and the "Tenerowicz Peace Bill" (H.J.R. 131, 77th Cong. (1941)). [5]
The Campaign operated from two distinct locations, with its international headquarters situated in New York City and its national office based in Chicago. [2]
After the passing of Lola Maverick Lloyd in 1944 and William Lloyd's departure for a civilian public service camp, disagreements over authority and mission arose, resulting in a rift between the Lloyd children and Rosika Schwimmer. These disagreements led to the formation of a separate organization in 1945. Edith Wynner, secretary to Rosika Schwimmer, [6] assumed leadership of the International Campaign for World Government (ICWG) based in New York, while Georgia Lloyd, daughter of Lola Maverick Lloyd, continued to lead the Campaign in Chicago until her death in 1999, retaining its previous title. [2] [7]
Mary Georgia Lloyd was later joinned by other american federalists and peace activist like Henry Philip Isely, Margaret Sheesley (later Margaret Isely) and Thane Read which lead to the call for a World Constitutional Convention for World Government and this group later developed into the World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA). [8] [9]
CWG published a newsletter 'World Federation Now'. [10] [11] Georgia Lloyd succeeded her brother as editor of it. [8]
Citizens for Global Solutions is a grassroot level membership organization in the United States working towards establishment of world government in order to avoid future atomic wars.
Rosika Schwimmer was a Hungarian-born pacifist, feminist, world federalist and women's suffragist. A co-founder of the Campaign for World Government with Lola Maverick Lloyd, her radical vision of world peace led to the creation of several world federalist movements and organizations. Sixty years after she first envisaged it, the movement she helped to create indeed took a leading role in the creation of the International Criminal Court, the first permanent international tribunal tasked with charging individuals with war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide.
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Henry Charles Usborne was a British Labour Party politician and peace activist who defected to the Liberal Party.
A world constitution is a proposed framework or document aimed at establishing a system of global governance. It seeks to provide a set of principles, structures, and laws to govern the relationships between states and address global issues. The concept of a world constitution reflects the aspiration for greater international cooperation, peace, and the resolution of global challenges.
The Peace Ship was the common name for the ocean liner Oscar II, on which American industrialist Henry Ford organized and launched his 1915 amateur peace mission to Europe; Ford chartered the Oscar II and invited prominent peace activists to join him. He hoped to create enough publicity to prompt the belligerent nations to convene a peace conference and mediate an end to World War I, but the mission was widely mocked by the press, which referred to the Oscar II as the "Ship of Fools" as well as the "Peace Ship". Infighting between the activists, mockery by the press contingent aboard, and an outbreak of influenza marred the voyage. Five days after Oscar II arrived in Norway, a beleaguered and physically ill Ford abandoned the mission and returned to the United States. The peace mission was unsuccessful, which reinforced Ford's reputation as a supporter of unusual causes. The ship was named after the former Swedish Monarch H.M. King Oscar II of Sweden who, according to Ford, was a peaceloving monarch.
Lola Maverick Lloyd was an American pacifist, suffragist, world federalist and feminist. Born in Texas to the wealthy Maverick family, Lola Maverick married William Bross Lloyd, the son of muckraking journalist Henry Demarest Lloyd. Together, they leveraged their family's influence and wealth to support Progressive Era causes.
Katherine Leckie was a Canadian-American journalist, editor, and active suffragist. She served as publicist for Rosika Schwimmer, was press agent for the Ford peace expedition of 1915–16, and worked for the United States Food Administration during World War I as a news editor.
The Hungarian Feminist Association was created by Rosika Schwimmer and Vilma Glücklich. The organization pushed for women's equality in Hungary in all spheres of women's life. In addition to pressing for women's suffrage, they drafted replies to modification of the marriage statutes and urged government response to address employment and training for women workers.
Mien van Wulfften Palthe was a Dutch feminist and pacifist. As a member of the Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht and Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, she strove to secure enfranchisement for women and worked as an advocate for peace.
Jessie Lloyd O'Connor (1904-1988) was a journalist, social reformer and political activist. She worked as a reporter for Federated Press. O'Connor served and supported numerous progressive organizations, including the American League Against War and Fascism and the ACLU.
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Florence Holbrook was an American writer, educator, suffragist, and peace activist. She taught in the Chicago schools for over fifty years, and was an American delegate to the International Congress of Women in 1915, at the Hague, and in 1919, in Zürich. She was also aboard the Peace Ship with Rosika Schwimmer, and part of John Dewey's commission to study Soviet education in 1929.
Margaret Isely was an American businesswoman, organic food activist, nutritionist, political activist and peace activist. She is best known for founding the health food chain Natural Grocers in 1955 along with her husband Philip Isely. She was co-founder of the Global Ratification and Elections Network (GREN) and World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA) along with her husband Philip Isely.
Philip Isely was an American peace activist and writer best known for writing numerous books and founding the Global Ratification and Elections Network (GREN) and World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA) along with his wife Margaret Isely, in 1955.
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The World Constitutional Convention (WCC), also known as the World Constituent Assembly (WCA) or the First World Constituent Assembly, took place in Interlaken, Switzerland and Wolfach, Germany, 1968. The convention aimed to foster global cooperation and world peace through the development of a World constitution and establishment of a democratic federal world government.
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Georgia Lloyd was an American pacificist, peace activist, author, philanthropist, and world government advocate active in the realm of civil liberties and international peace efforts during the 20th century. Born into a family deeply entrenched in social activism, with social and political prestige at the time, she was the daughter of Lola Maverick Lloyd.