Capriccio with the Campidoglio is a c. 1742 oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian artist Bernardo Bellotto. It was acquired by count Stefano Sanvitale di Parma in 1835 and then exhibited in the Galleria nazionale di Parma, where it now hangs alongside another painting originally produced as its pendant. [1]
The work is an architectural capriccio, with fictive architecture in the foreground and elements of real architecture from Rome such as the 'cordonata capitolina', the colossal statue of Castor, the Basilica di Santa Maria in Aracoeli, the Palazzo Nuovo and part of the Palazzo Senatorio.
The work is a capriccio, which mixes what really exists (here, the Capitol of Rome, its staircase and the church of Aracoeli), with fantastic places (the ruins in the foreground). In this way, the artist constructs a city that is not real, but possible and imaginary.
The ruins in the foreground serve as the proscenium, offering a view of the Capitol from the bottom of the cordonata capitolina, the staircase designed by Michelangelo, and also including the Church of Santa Maria in Aracoeli. At the top of the stairs the marble group of Castor can be seen, and, further on, the new Palace and the partial view of the senatorial palace.
By depicting these buildings, so loved by foreigners undertaking the Grand Tour in Italy, more than reproducing reality, Bellotto seeks to represent an almost melancholy feeling, to remind the observer of past ancient grandeur. The canvas belongs to the beginning of the artist's production, constituting a testimony to his Roman period.
Giacomo Francesco Zuccarelli was an Italian artist of the late Baroque or Rococo period. He is considered to be the most important landscape painter to have emerged from his adopted city of Venice during the mid-eighteenth century, and his Arcadian views became popular throughout Europe and especially in England where he resided for two extended periods. His patronage extended to the nobility, and he often collaborated with other artists such as Antonio Visentini and Bernardo Bellotto. In 1768, Zuccarelli became a founding member of the Royal Academy of Arts, and upon his final return to Italy, he was elected president of the Venetian Academy. In addition to his rural landscapes which frequently incorporated religious and classical themes, Zuccarelli created devotional pieces and on occasion did portraiture. Besides paintings, his varied output included etchings, drawings, and designs for tapestries as well as a set of Old Testament playing cards.
Antonio Allegri da Correggio, usually known as just Correggio was an Italian Renaissance painter who was the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Renaissance, who was responsible for some of the most vigorous and sensuous works of the sixteenth century. In his use of dynamic composition, illusionistic perspective and dramatic foreshortening, Correggio prefigured the Baroque art of the seventeenth century and the Rococo art of the eighteenth century. He is considered a master of chiaroscuro.
The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill, between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome.
Annibale Carracci was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of the Baroque style, borrowing from styles from both north and south of their native city, and aspiring for a return to classical monumentality, but adding a more vital dynamism. Painters working under Annibale at the gallery of the Palazzo Farnese would be highly influential in Roman painting for decades.
Bernardo Bellotto, was an Italian urban landscape painter or vedutista, and printmaker in etching famous for his vedute of European cities – Dresden, Vienna, Turin, and Warsaw. He was the student and nephew of the renowned Giovanni Antonio Canal, known as Canaletto, and sometimes used the latter's illustrious name, signing himself as Bernardo Canaletto. In Germany and Poland, Bellotto called himself by his uncle's name, Canaletto. This caused some confusion, however Bellotto’s work is more sombre in color than Canaletto's and his depiction of clouds and shadows brings him closer to Dutch painting.
Pietro da Cortona was an Italian Baroque painter and architect. Along with his contemporaries and rivals Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini, he was one of the key figures in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture. He was also an important designer of interior decorations.
Guido Reni was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, although his works showed a classical manner, similar to Simon Vouet, Nicolas Poussin, and Philippe de Champaigne. He painted primarily religious works, but also mythological and allegorical subjects. Active in Rome, Naples, and his native Bologna, he became the dominant figure in the Bolognese School that emerged under the influence of the Carracci.
Giovanni Paolo, also known as Gian Paolo Panini or Pannini, was an Italian painter and architect who worked in Rome and is primarily known as one of the vedutisti. As a painter, Panini is best known for his vistas of Rome, in which he took a particular interest in the city's antiquities. Among his most famous works are his view of the interior of the Pantheon, and his vedute—paintings of picture galleries containing views of Rome. Most of his works, especially those of ruins, have a fanciful and unreal embellishment characteristic of capriccio themes. In this they resemble the capricci of Marco Ricci. Panini also painted portraits, including one of Pope Benedict XIV.
Francesco Albani or Albano was an Italian Baroque painter of Albanian origin who was active in Bologna, Rome, Viterbo (1609–1610), Mantua (1621–1622) and Florence (1633).
Piazza del Campidoglio is a public square (piazza) on the top of the ancient Capitoline Hill, between the Roman Forum and the Campus Martius in Rome, Italy. The square includes three main buildings, the Palazzo Senatorio also known as the Comune di Roma Capitale, and the two palaces that make up the Capitoline Museums, the Palazzo dei Conservatori and the Palazzo Nuovo, considered to be one of the oldest national museums, founded in 1471 when Pope Sixtus IV donated some of the museum's most impressive statues, the She-wolf, the Spinario, the Fatoosh, the Camillus and the colossal head of emperor Constantine. Over the centuries the museums' collection has grown to include many of ancient Roman's finest artworks and artifacts. If something was considered too valuable or fragile in Rome and a copy was made in its place for display, the original is likely now on display in the Capitoline Museum.The hilltop square was designed by Michelangelo in the 16th century. at the behest of Pope Paul III.
Giovanni Lanfranco was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.
Viviano Codazzi was an Italian architectural painter who was active during the Baroque period. He is known for his architectural paintings, capricci, compositions with ruins, and some vedute. He worked in Naples and Rome. He is known in older sources as Viviano Codagora or il Codagora.
Andrea Camassei was an Italian Baroque painter and engraver mainly active in Rome under the patronage of the Barberini.
Leonardo Coccorante (1680–1750) was an Italian painter known for his capricci depicting imaginary landscapes with ruins of classical architecture.
Gennaro Greco also known as "Il Mascacotta" (1663–1714) was an Italian architectural painter who was active in Naples during the late Baroque period. He is known for his architectural paintings, capricci, compositions with ruins, as well as his vedute. His vedute fall mostly in the category of the so-called vedute ideate which represent closely observed views of completely imaginary landscapes.
The Capriccio with Palladian buildings is an oil painting on canvas by Canaletto, dating from about 1756 to 1759 and stored in the Galleria Nazionale Di Parma.
The Madonna of the Stairs is a fresco fragment by the Italian Renaissance artist Correggio, dating to ca.1522–23 and now in the Galleria Nazionale di Parma.
Healing of the Man Born Blind is a c.1573 painting by El Greco, showing the healing the man blind from birth. It is now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma. It is signed at the bottom right-hand corner. It shows the artist returning to a theme he had first painted five years earlier, in a work now in Dresden.
Portrait of Abbondio Rezzonico is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian painter Pompeo Batoni, executed in 1766 and housed in the Pinacoteca of the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica in Rome, Italy.
Self-Portrait is a 1593 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now in the Galleria Nazionale di Parma. It is dated 17 April 1593 on the top left of the canvas.