Carl von Weinberg (born September 14, 1861, in Frankfurt am Main; died March 14, 1943, near Florence) was an important Jewish German chemist, entrepreneur, patron of the arts and philanthropist. [1]
Carl von Weinberg (born September 14, 1861, in Frankfurt am Main; died March 14, 1943, near Florence) was an important Jewish German chemist, entrepreneur, patron of the arts and philanthropist. [1]
Carl and his brother Arthur von Weinberg, who was one year older, came from a Jewish merchant family; their father was Bernhard Weinberg. In 1880, both brothers were baptized as Protestants. [2] Carl completed a commercial apprenticeship and in 1882, at the age of 21, like his brother, became a partner in the Leopold Cassella & Co. company, which in 1894 merged with the Frankfurt aniline dye factory founded by his uncle Leo Gans and subsequently achieved world fame as Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur in the manufacture of synthetic dyes. [3]
In Niederrad he had settled in 1898 together with his wife May (Ethel Mary Villers Forbes from the house of the Irish Earls of Granard), born in Plymouth in 1866. [4] had the Villa Waldfried built in the English country house style by the architects Aage von Kauffmann and Otto Bäppler. This villa comprised around 100 rooms. It provided space for the couple's important art collection of over 700 objects.
One year before they moved in, their longed-for daughter Wera was born in 1897 (died April 9, 1943, in London), who later married Richard von Szilvinyi. May von Weinberg was famous in Frankfurt as a philanthropist. [5]
A chapel was established in the house for the Roman Catholic May. Later, the Niederrad chaplain Georg Nilges celebrated Sunday services in this house chapel. Carl von Weinberg donated a considerable amount for the Niederräder parish Mother of Good Counsel for the construction of a new church. [6]
The Italian Renaissance fountain (Florentine fountain) of the house destroyed in the air raids on Frankfurt am Main in World War II has stood since 1952 in the garden of the Nebbienschen Gartenhaus, an artists' meeting place in the Bockenheimer Anlage in downtown Frankfurt. In 1908, the Weinberg brothers were nobilitated.
In 1919, Carl von Weinberg was a member of the German delegation to the Versailles peace negotiations. [7] In 1924, he took part in the negotiations on German reparations in London, which resulted in the Dawes Plan. In 1925, the Weinberg brothers led Cassella-Farbwerke into a merger to form IG Farbenindustrie AG, where they both served as supervisory and administrative board members.
Together with his brother, Carl von Weinberg donated to various institutions including the University of Frankfurt. In 1921, the Carl von Weinberg School named after him was built in Schwanheim with his support. [8] The founding of the Frankfurt Polo Club in 1913 and the polo grounds can also be traced back to his initiative. He also founded the Waldfried stud farm, which became known far beyond the borders of his hometown.
In 1937 his wife May died, she was buried in the vineyard chapel of the Niederräder church "Mutter vom Guten Rat". Large parts of her estate went to this parish, some parts were given to the former Niederrad chaplain Georg Nilges, who since 1929 was pastor in the newly built Holy Cross Church in Frankfurt-Bornheim in the Bornheimer Hang housing estate. [6]
With the rise of the Nazis in 1933, the von Weinberg family was persecuted because of their Jewish heritage. Von Weinberg was forced out of his employment and positions. The school and street that had been named after him were renamed. His property was Aryanized, that is transferred in accordance with Nazi law to non-Jews. In 1938, after Kristallnacht, he was forced to sell his home, Villa Waldfried and his art collection to the city. [9]
The Frankfurt artist Lina von Schauroth, a close friend of the von Weinbergs, managed to bring the four stained glass windows she had created in the private chapel of Villa Waldfried to safety after the owner of the house had fled. During the war they were kept in the Limburg Cathedral Museum and in 1951, at the instigation of the Protestant Synod, they were installed in the nave of the Old St. Nicholas Church on Frankfurt's Römerberg. On the window with the motif "Ascending Christ" on the west side there is the dedication: The glass windows come from the chapel in Waldfried. Carl v. Weinberg donated them in memory of his wife May née Forbes.
After the expropriation of his property, Carl von Weinberg, widowed since 1937, went into exile to his married sister in Italy.
On March 14, 1943, he died near Florence, six days before his brother Arthur died in the concentration camp Theresienstadt. [10] [11] Carl von Weinberg was buried in the mountain cemetery of Chiusi in the grave of his sister's family, who was married to Conté Paolozzi from Chiusi.
I. G. Farbenindustrie AG, commonly known as IG Farben, was a German chemical and pharmaceutical conglomerate. It was formed in 1925 from a merger of six chemical companies: Agfa, BASF, Bayer, Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron, Hoechst, and Weiler-ter-Meer. It was seized by the Allies after World War II and split into its constituent companies; parts in East Germany were nationalized.
Schwanheim is a quarter of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is part of the Ortsbezirk West and is subdivided into the Stadtbezirke Schwanheim, Goldstein-Ost and Goldstein-West.
Niederrad is a quarter of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is part of the Ortsbezirk Süd and is subdivided into the Stadtbezirke Niederrad-Nord, Niederrad-Süd and the new Niederrad-West.
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Cassella AG, formerly Leopold Cassella & Co. and Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur AG, commonly known as Cassella, was a German chemical and pharmaceutical company with headquarters in Frankfurt am Main. Founded in 1798, in the Frankfurt Jewish Alley by Leopold Cassella, Cassella operated as an independent company until 1995, and was one of many predecessor companies of today's Sanofi. Its main products were dyes, drugs, cosmetics and various other chemical products. From 1949, Cassella focused increasingly on pharmaceuticals and cosmetics rather than its former primary focus, dyes. Much of its history is closely associated with the Gans family, a prominent family of industrialists and philanthropists and former owners of Cassella.
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The Gans family is a prominent German family of industrialists and philanthropists from Frankfurt am Main. It is descended from Ludwig Aaron Gans, a Jewish businessman from Celle, who became an apprentice in the firm Caßel & Reiß in Frankfurt in 1814. In 1828, he married Rosette Goldschmidt (1805–1868), a niece and adopted daughter of the firm's owner Leopold Cassella, and was accepted as a partner of the firm. In 1848, Gans became sole owner of Leopold Cassella & Co., as the company was then named. Ludwig Aaron Gans was the father of the major industrialist Friedrich Ludwig von Gans, who was ennobled in 1912, and of the chemist and industrialist Leo Gans. The family converted from Judaism to Protestantism in the late 19th century.
Ludwig Aaron Gans was a German industrialist and owner of the company Cassella.
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Arthur von Weinberg was a German chemist and industrialist.
Richard von Szilvinyi was a German industrialist.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)After the Nazis took power in Germany, Carl von Weinberg was persecuted because of his Jewish origin. He was forced to abandon his positions in the economy. Both the school and the Carl-von-Weinberg street were renamed. In 1938 he was forced to sell his home, Villa Waldfried and his art collection for a fraction of their value to the city.
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