Carol Houlihan Flynn
Carol Houlihan Flynn | |
---|---|
Born | July 29, 1945 Chicago |
Died | March 16, 2023 Topsham, Maine |
Nationality | American |
Education | University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (B.A., 1967) Brown University (M.A.) University of California at Berkeley (Ph.D.) |
Occupation(s) | writer literary critic |
Notable work | Samuel Richardson, a Man of Letters The Body in Swift and Defoe Washed in the Blood The Animals |
Spouse | David Tarbet |
Children | 4 |
(born in Chicago in 1945) was an American academic, literary critic, and writer of fiction. A professor emerita at Tufts University, Flynn was previously on the faculty of New York University and Princeton University. She is the author of Samuel Richardson, a Man of Letters; The Body in Swift and Defoe; a noir mystery, Washed in the Blood; and a memoir, The Animals, among other works. She was co-creator of the Somerville Conversations, a project designed to encourage dialogue between diverse members of the community.
Flynn graduated with B.A. in English from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1967. In 1969, she earned an M.A. from Brown University as a Woodrow Wilson Fellow in American Civilization, writing her thesis on the novels of John Barth.[ citation needed ]
She earned her Ph.D. in English at the University of California at Berkeley in 1974. Concentrating on 18th-century English literature, she wrote her dissertation on the novels of Samuel Richardson: "So Strangely Mixed: Morals and Aesthetics in the works of Samuel Richardson."[ citation needed ] Working in London between 1975 and 1978, she explored the historical background of Richardson's work and related feminist theory. She became assistant professor at New York University in 1979 and was tenured there in 1985. That same year she accepted tenure as an associate professor in the English Department at Tufts University.[ citation needed ]
While at Tufts, Flynn served as director of the graduate program in the English Department, chaired the university's Tenure and Promotion Committee, and was a member of the university's executive committee, where she worked toward faculty governance. She taught in the World Civilizations Program, chaired both the American Studies and Women's Studies programs, and co-chaired the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies.[ citation needed ]
While teaching her interdisciplinary course, "Mapping London," she worked with the Tufts Library to produce the electronic Bolles Collection on the History of London. [1]
Flynn also taught “Girls’ Books” at Tufts, a course that focused on literature and etiquette handbooks for girls from the 19th to mid-twentieth century. Her collection of girls’ books, which she donated to Tufts on her retirement, can be accessed at Tufts’ Tisch Library.
In 1992, she was a visiting professor at Princeton University.
Flynn's academic writing, including many articles and books, often has an interdisciplinary focus. [2] Samuel Richardson, a Man of Letters (Princeton, 1982) looks at the historical records of rape trials and forced marriages, while The Body in Swift and Defoe (Cambridge, 1990) studies the ways that the gendered and all-too-material body figures in urban and economic discourse. Whether writing about eighteenth-century prostitution, [3] the physical and psychological magnitude of the Gordon Riots, [4] or the eighteenth century practice of applying physical exercises to cure madness, [5] she actively pursues the connections between eighteenth-century belief systems and material culture.
Her non-academic writing includes the noir mystery, Washed in the Blood, [6] and a memoir, The Animals, [7] which examines the fortunes and misfortunes of the many animals her family raised: chickens and ducks, rabbits and goats, pigs and hamsters, too many cats, two Akita's, and one hyperactive Border Collie. Flynn and her husband, David Tarbet, have written a travel essay about two journeys to Corsica: James Boswell's in 1765 and their own in 2010. [8]
During her undergraduate years at Illinois, Flynn became involved in the Vietnam antiwar movement, and took part in demonstrations supporting the W.E.B. Dubois Society. At Berkeley, she joined the women's movement and the antiwar movement, which turned into lifelong commitments. While in London, she worked at the Women's Research and Resources Centre, a feminist cooperative that encouraged scholarship and criticism for and about women. [9] At Tufts University, she worked on progressive campaigns against the Iraq war and in continuing support of custodian grievances. Representing the Tufts Center for Interdisciplinary Studies (CIS), Flynn and Saul Slapikoff worked with representatives from Somerville to create The Somerville Conversations. The Conversations fostered dialogue within the community between "old" and "new" immigrants. Originally supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities in 1996, they became an important part of Somerville's civic agenda. [10]
Flynn was married to David Tarbet, a former professor of 18th-century English literature and later, a writer and a lawyer in Boston, for 26 years. Together, they have four children and eight grandchildren.[ citation needed ] Flynn died on March 16, 2023 in Topsham, Maine.
Daniel Defoe was an English writer, trader, journalist, pamphleteer and spy. He is most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719, which is claimed to be second only to the Bible in its number of translations. He has been seen as one of the earliest proponents of the English novel, and helped to popularise the form in Britain with others such as Aphra Behn and Samuel Richardson. Defoe wrote many political tracts, was often in trouble with the authorities, and spent a period in prison. Intellectuals and political leaders paid attention to his fresh ideas and sometimes consulted him.
Samuel Richardson was an English writer and printer known for three epistolary novels: Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded (1740), Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady (1748) and The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753). He printed almost 500 works, including journals and magazines, working periodically with the London bookseller Andrew Millar. Richardson had been apprenticed to a printer, whose daughter he eventually married. He lost her along with their six children, but remarried and had six more children, of whom four daughters reached adulthood, leaving no male heirs to continue the print shop. As it ran down, he wrote his first novel at the age of 51 and joined the admired writers of his day. Leading acquaintances included Samuel Johnson and Sarah Fielding, the physician and Behmenist George Cheyne, and the theologian and writer William Law, whose books he printed. At Law's request, Richardson printed some poems by John Byrom. In literature, he rivalled Henry Fielding; the two responded to each other's literary styles.
Frances Brooke was an English novelist, essayist, playwright and translator. Hers was the first English novel known to have been written in Canada.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. It is a Bildungsroman and a picaresque novel. It was first published on 28 February 1749 in London and is among the earliest English works to be classified as a novel. It is the earliest novel mentioned by W. Somerset Maugham in his 1948 book Great Novelists and Their Novels among the ten best novels of the world.
Ian Watt was a literary critic, literary historian and professor of English at Stanford University. His The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding (1957) is an important work in the history of the genre. Published in 1957, The Rise of the Novel is considered by many contemporary literary scholars as the seminal work on the origins of the novel, and an important study of literary realism. The book traces the rise of the modern novel to philosophical, economic and social trends and conditions that become prominent in the early 18th century. He is the subject of an intellectual biography by Marina MacKay, Ian Watt: The Novel and the Wartime Critic (2018).
George Edward Bateman Saintsbury, FBA, was an English critic, literary historian, editor, teacher, and wine connoisseur. He is regarded as a highly influential critic of the late 19th and early 20th century.
Clarissa; or, The History of a Young Lady: Comprehending the Most Important Concerns of Private Life. And Particularly Shewing, the Distresses that May Attend the Misconduct Both of Parents and Children, In Relation to Marriage is an epistolary novel by English writer Samuel Richardson, published in 1748. It tells the tragic story of a young woman, Clarissa Harlowe, whose quest for virtue is continually thwarted by her family. The Harlowes are a recently wealthy family whose preoccupation with increasing their standing in society leads to obsessive control of their daughter, Clarissa. It is considered one of the longest novels in the English language. It is generally regarded as Richardson's masterpiece.
Augustan literature is a style of British literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the first half of the 18th century and ending in the 1740s, with the deaths of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, in 1744 and 1745, respectively. It was a literary epoch that featured the rapid development of the novel, an explosion in satire, the mutation of drama from political satire into melodrama and an evolution toward poetry of personal exploration. In philosophy, it was an age increasingly dominated by empiricism, while in the writings of political economy, it marked the evolution of mercantilism as a formal philosophy, the development of capitalism and the triumph of trade.
Augustan prose is somewhat ill-defined, as the definition of "Augustan" relies primarily upon changes in taste in poetry. However, the general time represented by Augustan literature saw a rise in prose writing as high literature. The essay, satire, and dialogue thrived in the age, and the English novel was truly begun as a serious art form. At the outset of the Augustan age, essays were still primarily imitative, novels were few and still dominated by the Romance, and prose was a rarely used format for satire, but, by the end of the period, the English essay was a fully formed periodical feature, novels surpassed drama as entertainment and as an outlet for serious authors, and prose was serving every conceivable function in public discourse. It is the age that most provides the transition from a court-centered and poetic literature to a more democratic, decentralized literary world of prose.
The History of Sir Charles Grandison, commonly called Sir Charles Grandison, is an epistolary novel by English writer Samuel Richardson first published in February 1753. The book was a response to Henry Fielding's The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, which parodied the morals presented in Richardson's previous novels. The novel follows the story of Harriet Byron who is pursued by Sir Hargrave Pollexfen. After she rejects Pollexfen, he kidnaps her, and she is only freed when Sir Charles Grandison comes to her rescue. After his appearance, the novel focuses on his history and life, and he becomes its central figure.
Literature of the 18th century refers to world literature produced during the years 1700–1799.
A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain is an account of his travels by English author Daniel Defoe, first published in three volumes between 1724 and 1727. Other than Robinson Crusoe, Tour was Defoe's most popular and financially successful work during the eighteenth century. Pat Rogers notes that in Defoe's use of the "literary vehicle that could straddle the literal and the imaginative," "Nothing...anticipated Defoe's Tour". Thanks in part to his extensive travels and colourful background as a soldier, businessman, and spy, Defoe had "hit on the best blend of objective fact and personal commentary" in his descriptions of locations and trips around Britain.
Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded is an epistolary novel first published in 1740 by the English writer Samuel Richardson. Considered one of the first true English novels, it serves as Richardson's version of conduct literature about marriage.
Original Stories from Real Life; with Conversations Calculated to Regulate the Affections, and Form the Mind to Truth and Goodness is the only complete work of children's literature by the 18th-century English feminist author Mary Wollstonecraft. Original Stories begins with a frame story that sketches out the education of two young girls by their maternal teacher Mrs. Mason, followed by a series of didactic tales. The book was first published by Joseph Johnson in 1788; a second, illustrated edition, with engravings by William Blake, was released in 1791 and remained in print for around a quarter of a century.
Elizabeth Singer Rowe was an English poet, essayist and fiction writer called "the ornament of her sex and age" and the "Heavenly Singer". She was among 18th-century England's most widely read authors. She wrote mainly religious poetry, but her best-known work, Friendship in Death (1728), is a Jansenist miscellany of imaginary letters from the dead to the living. Despite a posthumous reputation as a pious, bereaved recluse, Rowe corresponded widely and was involved in local concerns at Frome in her native Somerset. She remained popular into the 19th century on both sides of the Atlantic and in translation. Though little read today, scholars have called her stylistically and thematically radical for her time.
Lisa Zunshine is an American scholar of literature and theory of mind, who publishes in eighteenth-century British literature, comparative literature, and cognitive science. She came to the United States as a refugee, from Latvia, when she was twenty-one, and became a U.S. citizen in 1998. She is professor of English at the University of Kentucky, Lexington; a Guggenheim fellow (2007); and author and editor of twelve books, most recently, Getting Inside Your Head: What Cognitive Science Can Tell Us about Popular Culture ,The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Literary Studies, and The Secret Life of Literature.
The sociology of literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture. It studies the social production of literature and its social implications. A notable example is Pierre Bourdieu's 1992 Les Règles de L'Art: Genèse et Structure du Champ Littéraire, translated by Susan Emanuel as Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field (1996).
Phebe Gibbes was an 18th-century English novelist and early feminist. She authored twenty-two books between 1764 and 1790, and is best known for the novels The History of Mr. Francis Clive (1764), The Fruitless Repentance; or, the History of Miss Kitty Le Fever (1769), and The History of Miss Eliza Musgrove (1769). She received recent attention with the scholarly publication of Hartly House Calcutta (1789) in 2007.
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The English word to describe such a work derives from the Italian: novella for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself from the Latin: novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning "new". According to Margaret Doody, the novel has "a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years", with its origins in the Ancient Greek and Roman novel, in Chivalric romance, and in the tradition of the Italian Renaissance novella. The ancient romance form was revived by Romanticism, in the historical romances of Walter Scott and the Gothic novel.
Elizabeth, Lady Echlin was an English writer, best known for her correspondence with Samuel Richardson, and for writing an alternative and less shocking ending to his novel Clarissa.