Related Research Articles
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both conscious and unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feelings, and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences. Biological psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains, linking the discipline to neuroscience. As social scientists, psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups.
In common usage, evaluation is a systematic determination and assessment of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. It can assist an organization, program, design, project or any other intervention or initiative to assess any aim, realizable concept/proposal, or any alternative, to help in decision-making; or to generate the degree of achievement or value in regard to the aim and objectives and results of any such action that has been completed.
Program evaluation is a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using information to answer questions about projects, policies and programs, particularly about their effectiveness and efficiency.
Policy analysis or public policy analysis is a technique used in the public administration sub-field of political science to enable civil servants, nonprofit organizations, and others to examine and evaluate the available options to implement the goals of laws and elected officials. People who regularly use policy analysis skills and techniques on the job, particularly those who use it as a major part of their job duties are generally known by the title policy analyst. The process is also used in the administration of large organizations with complex policies. It has been defined as the process of "determining which of various policies will achieve a given set of goals in light of the relations between the policies and the goals."
Drug Abuse Resistance Education, or D.A.R.E., is an American education program that tries to prevent use of controlled drugs, membership in gangs, and violent behavior. It was founded in Los Angeles in 1983 as a joint initiative of then-LAPD chief Daryl Gates and the Los Angeles Unified School District as a demand-side drug control strategy of the American War on Drugs.
Organizational behavior or organisational behaviour is the "study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself". Organizational behavioral research can be categorized in at least three ways:
Evidence-based policy is a concept in public policy that advocates for policy decisions to be grounded on, or influenced by, rigorously established objective evidence. This concept presents a stark contrast to policymaking predicated on ideology, 'common sense', anecdotes, or personal intuitions. The methodology employed in evidence-based policy often includes comprehensive research methods such as randomized controlled trials (RCT). Good data, analytical skills, and political support to the use of scientific information are typically seen as the crucial elements of an evidence-based approach.
Donald Thomas Campbell was an American social scientist. He is noted for his work in methodology. He coined the term evolutionary epistemology and developed a selectionist theory of human creativity. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Campbell as the 33rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Judith M. Gueron is an expert in research on unemployment, social disadvantage and family welfare. She is an Independent Scholar in Residence and President Emerita at MDRC, a nonprofit research organization that designs, manages, and studies projects to increase the self-sufficiency of economically disadvantaged groups.
Evidence-based practice is the idea that occupational practices ought to be based on scientific evidence. The movement towards evidence-based practices attempts to encourage and, in some instances, require professionals and other decision-makers to pay more attention to evidence to inform their decision-making. The goal of evidence-based practice is to eliminate unsound or outdated practices in favor of more-effective ones by shifting the basis for decision making from tradition, intuition, and unsystematic experience to firmly grounded scientific research. The proposal has been controversial, with some arguing that results may not specialize to individuals as well as traditional practices.
Education sciences, also known as education studies, education theory, and traditionally called pedagogy, seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education, educational research, instructional theory, curriculum theory and psychology, philosophy, sociology, economics, and history of education. Related are learning theory or cognitive science.
Douglas Bernard Kirby was senior research scientist for ETR Associates in Scotts Valley, California, and one of the world’s leading experts on the effectiveness of school and community programs in the reduction of adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviors. In recent years he had also undertaken research and analysis on the impact of HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Uganda under the auspices of the World Health Organization, USAID, and other organizations.
Evidence-based education (EBE) is the principle that education practices should be based on the best available scientific evidence, with randomised trials as the gold standard of evidence, rather than tradition, personal judgement, or other influences. Evidence-based education is related to evidence-based teaching, evidence-based learning, and school effectiveness research.
The concept of team science is a field of scientific philosophy and methodology which advocates using cross-disciplinary collaboration from diverse scientific fields to solve present-day to day problems. The field encompasses conceptual and methodological strategies aimed at understanding and enhancing the processes and outcomes of collaborative, team-based research by pooling resources from different countries, labs and groups to solve problems.
A theory of change (ToC) is an explicit theory of how and why it is thought that a social policy or program activities lead to outcomes and impacts. ToCs are used in the design of programs and program evaluation, across a range of policy areas.
Advocacy evaluation, also called public policy advocacy design, monitoring, and evaluation, evaluates the progress or outcomes of advocacy, such as changes in public policy.
Petra Elisabeth (Crockett) Todd is an American economist whose research interests include labor economics, development economics, microeconomics, and econometrics. She is the Edward J. and Louise W. Kahn Term Professor of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, and is also affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania Population Studies Center, the Human Capital and Equal Opportunity Global Working Group (HCEO), the IZA Institute of Labor Economics and the National Bureau of Economic Research.
David J. Armor is a social scientist, academic, and author. He is the Professor Emeritus of Public Policy in the Schar School of Policy and Government at George Mason University.
Christine H. Rossell is an American social scientist, academic, and author. She is a Professor Emerita of Political Science at Boston University.
Theory-driven evaluation is an umbrella term for any approach to program evaluation that develops a theory of change and uses it to design, implement, analyze, and interpret findings from an evaluation. More specifically, an evaluation is theory-driven if it:
- formulates a theory of change using some combination of social science, beneficiary lived experience, and program-related professionals' expertise;
- develops and prioritizes evaluation questions using the theory;
- uses the theory to guide the design and implementation of the evaluation;
- uses the theory to operationalize contextual, process, and outcome variables; and
- provides a causal explanation of how and why outcomes were achieved, including whether the program worked and/or had any unintended consequences, and what moderates outcomes.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Carol Weiss". The Boston Globe. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 McCartney, Kathleen (11 January 2013). "HGSE Remembers Professor Carol Weiss". Harvard Graduate School of Education. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ↑ "Policy Developments: Policy Studies Organization Proceedings". Policy Studies Journal. 35 (2): 323–328. 2007. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00222.x. ISSN 0190-292X.
- ↑ Worthen, B. R. (1996). Editor’s Note: The Origins of Theory-Based Evaluation. Evaluation Practice, 17(2), 169–171.
- ↑ Weiss, C. H. (1972). Evaluation research: Methods for assessing program effectiveness. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- 1 2 Kathryn Newcomer (2016). "Carol H. Weiss, Evaluation Research: Methods for Studying Programs and Policies". In Martin Lodge; Edward C. Page; Steven J. Balla (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Classics in Public Policy and Administration.
- ↑ Carol H. Weiss (1977). Using social research in public policy making.
- ↑ Weiss, Carol H. (1997). "Theory-Based Evaluation: Past, Present, and Future". New Directions for Evaluation. 1997 (76): 41–55. doi:10.1002/ev.1086. S2CID 145247130.
- ↑ Carol H. Weiss (October 1979). "The Many Meanings of Research Utilization". Public Administration Review. 39 (5): 426–431. doi:10.2307/3109916. JSTOR 3109916.
- ↑ Weiss, Carol H. (1 March 1998). "Have We Learned Anything New About the Use of Evaluation?". American Journal of Evaluation. 19 (1): 21–33. doi:10.1177/109821409801900103. S2CID 53550892.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
