Casualties of the Iraqi insurgency (2011–present)

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Casualties of the Iraqi insurgency (2011–present) refers to deaths and injuries in Iraq after the withdrawal of US forces at the end of the Iraq War on 18 December 2011, as fighting continued between the Iraqi government and anti-government forces in the Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) and later escalated into the War in Iraq (2014–2017) and subsequent Iraqi insurgency (2017–present).

Contents

Casualty statistics

Iraq Body Count

Casualties in the Iraq War, Insurgency, and Civil War (2003 - October 2016) Casualties in the Iraq war and insurgency (2003-2012).jpg
Casualties in the Iraq War, Insurgency, and Civil War (2003 – October 2016)

An independent UK/US group, the Iraq Body Count project (IBC) compiles documented (not estimated) Iraqi civilian deaths from violence since the invasion of Iraq in 2003, including those caused directly by US-led coalition and Iraqi government forces and paramilitary or criminal attacks by others. [1] It shows a total range of at least 175,792 to 196,572 civilian deaths in the whole conflict from March 2003 to June 2017. [2]

Month by month casualty tolls in the 2 years after the U.S. withdrawal (IBC database) Casualties in the Iraq insurgency post-U.S. withdrawal (by month).jpg
Month by month casualty tolls in the 2 years after the U.S. withdrawal (IBC database)
2012 Iraqi deaths by province, per 100,000 people Iraqi Deaths in 2012 - By Province, Per 100,000 People.png
2012 Iraqi deaths by province, per 100,000 people

Following are the monthly IBC Project civilian death totals, from the US pullout in December 2011 onwards. [2]

Iraqi civilians killed from December 2011 according to IBC
YearMonthTotal
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
20113924,153
20125313563773923045294694224002902532994,622
2013357360403545888659114510131,30611808701,1269,852
20141,0979721,0291,0371,1004,0881,5803,3401,4741,7381,4361,32720,218
20151,4901,6251,1052,0131,2951,3551,8451,9911,4451,2971,0211,09617,578
20161,3741,2581,4591,1921,2761,4051,2801,3759351,9701,7381,13116,393
20171,1199821,9181,8161,8711,8581,49859749039734629113,183
20184744104023032292092302012413101601553,319
2019323271123140166130145931513612742152,392

The numbers include only civilians. The IBC includes non-paramilitary police forces as civilians, and members of the Iraqi Army or paramilitary/militia forces when the death is a result of summary execution after capture. [3] The IBC does a constant check on all its reports, and publishes weekly updates to its monthly casualty table. Consequently, the figures for the last few months in the table above should always be considered preliminary and will be marked in italic until confirmed by IBC.

According to IBC, of the 17,049 civilians recorded killed in 2014 (a figure it later revised upwards), 4,325 were killed by ISIL, 1,748 by Iraqi military airstrikes and 118 by US-coalition airstrikes. A further 10,858 civilians were reported killed by unidentified actors. [4] Of the 16,115 civilians recorded killed in 2015, 8,347 were killed by execution (the killing of captives) and 1,295 by airstrikes; 8,818 civilian deaths involved ISIL and 1,492 involved Iraqi government forces. [5]

Besides continuously updating documented civilian deaths from violence, from time to time IBC also puts out estimates of combatants killed (including Iraqi military and insurgent groups): at the end of 2014, it estimated a lower range of 4,000-5,000 combatants killed in 2014 (based on AFP and official statistics released by Iraqi government ministries) and a higher range of 30,000 combatants killed (based on aggregated media reports), concluding that "the truth probably lies somewhere between these two numbers". [4] At the end of 2015, IBC estimated that, between June 2014 and December 2015, over 4,000 Iraqi soldiers and allied militia were killed, as well as over 1,500 Peshmerga and Kurdish security force members and some 13,000 ISIS fighters. It put the total death toll for insurgents, Iraqi soldiers and other combatants killed in the period 2010–2015 at 24,340. [5]

Iraqi government figures

The Iraqi government releases its own figures, usually on the first day of each month. These are almost always significantly lower than other estimates and often even contradict with news reports, leading to an apparent "under-reporting" of casualty figures, although after the escalation of violence in the summer of 2013 the casualty tolls began to "catch up" with independent estimates. Most news outlets still report on these, and JustPolicy.org [6] has a running estimate based on the Lancet study [7] with the rate of increase derived from the Iraq Body Count.

A running tally of all the figures can be found at Google Docs, courtesy of Agence France-Presse. [8] The numbers include civilians, as well as members of the Iraqi Army and police forces.[ citation needed ]

The Iraqi government also compiles the number of wounded from these three categories, as well as the number of killed and captured insurgents. From the beginning of December 2011 until the end of March 2014, at least 19,829 Iraqis have been injured according to these reports, including 2,688 police officers and 2,319 members of the Iraqi Army. During the same period, 1,350 insurgents were killed, while a total of 4,403 suspects were arrested.[ citation needed ]

Iraqi civilians, police and army members killed according to the Iraqi government
YearMonthTotal
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2011155155
20121511501121261321313251643651441662082,174
20131771361632056302409213568859649488976,522
2014101379010041009938192216691648123817251315126715,538
20151408

United Nations figures

The United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) keeps its own statistics on casualties. [9] They include killed and injured civilians (including police) and killed and injured members of Iraqi Security Forces (including Peshmerga and militias fighting alongside the Iraqi Army). They don't include anti-government insurgents. UNAMI warns that it may be under-reporting casualties and that the figures it provides "have to be considered as the absolute minimum".

Iraqi civilians killed according to UNAMI [9]
YearMonthTotal
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
2012445230
20133194182295959636859287168878525656617,818
201461856448461060315311186126585485693668012,282
20157906117295356656658445855375594895067,515
20164904105754104683826294736091,1209266,492

According to UNAMI, the total number of civilian casualties (killed and injured) in 2013 (including police) was 25,799 (7,818 killed and 17,981 injured). [10]

According to UNAMI, the total number of civilian casualties (killed and injured) in 2014 (including police) was 35,408 (12,282 killed and 23,126 injured). [11]

According to UNAMI, the total number of civilian casualties (killed and injured) in 2015 (including police) was 22,370 (7,515 killed and 14,855 injured). [12]

Iraqi Security Forces killed according to UNAMI [9]
YearMonthTotal
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
20141151391081401968865511552654172964213,689
20155854922682773668014887401801553994745,225
20163592605443313992801302183946721,9595,546

Other reports

Antiwar.com

Antiwar.com compiles monthly and yearly casualty figures from news reports. Figures include civilians, security personnel and insurgents.

In July 2014, according to Antiwar.com, 5,698 people were killed, including 3,961 insurgents. The rest were civilians and security forces. [13] For the following month, Antiwar.com reported 1,642 civilians and security forces and 3,112 militants died. [14] In September, per Antiwar.com, 1,158 civilians and security forces were killed, along with 2,632 militants. [15] Finally, in October, 1,572 civilians and security forces died, in addition to 4,990 militants, as reported by Antiwar.com. [16]

For the whole 2014, Antiwar.com estimated a total of 48,590 killed (16,229 civilian and security deaths, plus 30,634 militant deaths) and 26,516 wounded. [17]

In 2015, 52,045 people were killed across Iraq according to Antiwar.com: the number of civilians and security personnel killed was 14,571, whereas militants lost 37,474 fighters. [18]

US-led coalition air-strike casualties

Since 8 August 2014, the USA has resumed airstrikes against ISIL targets in support of the Iraqi government, together with a growing coalition of allies (comprising Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Jordan, The Netherlands, and UK). [19] According to Iraq Body Count, 118 civilians were killed by coalition airstrikes in 2014 [4] and 845 in 2015. [5] According to "Airwars", a team of independent journalists, between 393 and 571 civilians were killed by coalition airstrikes in 54 incidents in Iraq between 8 August 2014 and 31 December 2015; other incidents with hundreds more civilian fatalities were also recorded by Airwars, but the US-led coalition's responsibility couldn't be confirmed with equal confidence in those cases. [20]

Month by month

Iraqi soldier standing guard in Baghdad, 26 December 2011 Baghdad Iraq during the post withdrawal insurgency soldier standing guard.png
Iraqi soldier standing guard in Baghdad, 26 December 2011

Several dozen were killed within the first few days after U.S. withdrawal on December 18, 2011. At least 337 casualties were inflicted by the wave of violence during December 20–26. About 200 died in January, [21] with Al-Arabiya channel claiming mortal casualties to be at least 151 people. [22] The Iraqi Body Count (IBC) claimed 451 casualties in January, including injuries. [23] In February, the death toll across Iraq reached 278 according to IBC. [23] 74 people were killed between March 1–8 according to IBC, [23] and a total of 112 were killed in Iraq in March, according to government figures. [24] At least 126 Iraqis were killed in April, while 132 Iraqis were killed in sectarian violence in Iraq in May 2012. [25] [26] June marked a significant spike in violence, with a major attack occurring on average every three days. At least 237 were killed during the month, with an additional 603 people left injured. [27]

July 2012 was the deadliest month in Iraq since August 2010, with 325 deaths; 241 civilians, 40 police, and 44 soldiers. The month also saw 697 people being wounded by violence; 480 civilians, 122 police, and 95 soldiers. The rise in violence was linked to Sunni insurgents trying to undermine the Shia led government. [28] According to government figures, at least 164 Iraqis were killed during August 2012 – 90 civilians, 39 soldiers and 35 policemen, with 260 others injured. [29] September was a particularly bloody month, with government reports citing at least 365 deaths (182 civilians, 95 soldiers and 88 policemen) and 683 injuries (453 civilians, 120 soldiers and 110 police). [30] Government casualty tolls released for the month of October showed a total of 144 people were killed (88 civilians, 31 policemen and 25 soldiers), and another 264 were wounded, including 110 civilians, 92 policemen and 62 soldiers. [31] At least 166 people were killed throughout Iraq in November 2012 according to government casualty tolls, and 208 died in December, including 55 policemen and 28 soldiers. [32] [33] During January 2013, at least 246 people were killed nationwide (including 30 policemen and 18 soldiers), while 735 others were injured. [34] Government figures remained low in February 2013, with a total of 136 killed (88 civilians, 22 soldiers and 26 policemen) and 228 injured. [35] There was a slight increase in March, when according to government sources 163 were killed and 256 injured nationwide, though officials in Baghdad stressed that these numbers did not include the Kurdish regions. [36]

According to figures released by the UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), April 2013 was the deadliest month in Iraq in over five years, with a total of 712 people were killed and 1,633 were wounded in acts of terrorism and violence. [37] Conditions continued to deteriorate in May when UNAMI reported a total of 1,045 Iraqis were killed and another 2,397 wounded in acts of terrorism and acts of violence, making it one of the deadliest months on record. The figures include 963 civilians and 181 civilian police killed, while 2,191 civilians and 359 civilian police were wounded. An additional 82 members of the Iraqi Security Forces were killed and 206 were injured. [38]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iraq Body Count project</span> Web-based effort to chronicle casualties of the U.S. invasion and war in Iraq

Iraq Body Count project (IBC) is a web-based effort to record civilian deaths resulting from the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq. Included are deaths attributable to coalition and insurgent military action, sectarian violence and criminal violence, which refers to excess civilian deaths caused by criminal action resulting from the breakdown in law and order which followed the coalition invasion. As of February 2019, the IBC has recorded 183,249 – 205,785 civilian deaths. The IBC has a media-centered approach to counting and documenting the deaths. Other sources have provided differing estimates of deaths, some much higher. See Casualties of the Iraq War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Casualties of the Iraq War</span>

Estimates of the casualties from the Iraq War have come in several forms, and those estimates of different types of Iraq War casualties vary greatly.

During the War in Afghanistan, according to the Costs of War Project the war killed 176,000 people in Afghanistan: 46,319 civilians, 69,095 military and police and at least 52,893 opposition fighters. However, the death toll is possibly higher due to unaccounted deaths by "disease, loss of access to food, water, infrastructure, and/or other indirect consequences of the war." According to the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, the conflict killed 212,191 people. The Cost of War project estimated in 2015 that the number who have died through indirect causes related to the war may be as high as 360,000 additional people based on a ratio of indirect to direct deaths in contemporary conflicts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Imposing Law</span> Operation through Baghdad

Operation Imposing Law, also known as Operation Law and Order, Operation Fardh al-Qanoon or Baghdad Security Plan (BSP), was a joint Coalition-Iraqi security plan conducted throughout Baghdad. Under the Surge plan developed in late 2006, Baghdad was to be divided into nine zones, with Iraqi and American soldiers working side by side to clear each sector of Shiite militias and Sunni insurgents and establish Joint Security Stations so that reconstruction programs could begin in safety. The U.S. military commander in Iraq, David Petraeus, went so far as to say Iraq would be "doomed" if this plan failed. Numerous members of Congress stated the plan was a critical period for the U.S. presence in Iraq.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Iraq spring fighting</span>

The 2008 Iraq spring fighting was a series of clashes between the Mahdi Army and allies and the Iraqi Army supported by coalition forces, in southern Iraq and parts of Baghdad, that began with an Iraqi offensive in Basra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2007</span>

This list details terrorist incidents occurring in Iraq in 2007. In 2007, the US sent 20,000 additional troops into combat as part of a troop surge. There were 442 bombings in 2007, the second-most in a single year during the Iraq War. Major events included a January 16 attack on Mustansiriyah University, which killed 70 and injured 180, and February 3 bombings at the Sadriyah market in Baghdad, which killed 135 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</span> 2011–13 sectarian violence in Iraq following the US invasion and withdrawal

The Iraqi insurgency was an insurgency that began in late 2011 after the end of the Iraq War and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq, resulting in violent conflict with the central government, as well as low-level sectarian violence among Iraq's religious groups.

The 2013 Hawija clashes relate to a series of violent attacks within Iraq, as part of the 2012–2013 Iraqi protests and Iraqi insurgency post-U.S. withdrawal. On 23 April, an army raid against a protest encampment in the city of Hawija, west of Kirkuk, led to dozens of civilian deaths and the involvement of several insurgent groups in organized action against the government, leading to fears of a return to a wide-scale Sunni–Shia conflict within the country. By 27 April, more than 300 people were reported killed and scores more injured in one of the worst outbreaks of violence since the U.S. withdrawal in December 2011.

From 15 to 21 May 2013, a series of deadly bombings and shootings struck the central and northern parts of Iraq, with a few incidents occurring in towns in the south and far west as well. The attacks killed at least 449 people and left 732 others injured in one of the deadliest outbreaks of violence in years.

On 27 May 2013, a series of coordinated attacks occurred in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, killing 71 people and injuring more than 200 others.

On 10 June 2013, a series of coordinated bombings and shootings struck the central and northern parts of Iraq, killing at least 94 people and injuring 289 others.

On 16 June 2013, a series of coordinated bombings and shootings struck across several cities in Iraq, killing at least 54 people and injuring more than 170 others.

During the first two weeks of July 2013, a series of coordinated bombings and shootings struck across several cities in Iraq, killing at least 389 people and injuring more than 800 others.

On 21 September 2013, a series of car and suicide bombings struck the central and northern regions of Iraq, with the largest attack targeting a funeral in Sadr City, a predominantly Shi'ite neighborhood of Baghdad. The attacks left at least 115 dead and more than 200 others injured.

On 4 December 2013, a series of coordinated attacks took place in central and northern Iraq, with the biggest assault taking place at a government building and an adjacent shopping mall in Kirkuk. More than 30 people were killed in the attacks that day, while at least 106 were injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)</span>

The Timeline of the War in Iraq covers the War in Iraq, a war which erupted that lasted in Iraq from 2013 to 2017, during the first year of armed conflict.

In late July 2015, the third phase of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict between various Kurdish insurgent groups and the Turkish government erupted, following a failed two and a half year-long peace process aimed at resolving the long-running conflict.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</span> Insurgency in Iraq since the defeat of ISIL

The Islamic State insurgency in Iraq is an ongoing low-intensity insurgency that began in 2017 after the Islamic State (IS) lost its territorial control in the War in Iraq, during which IS and allied White Flags fought the Iraqi military and allied paramilitary forces.

References

  1. ↑ "About the Iraq Body Count project".
  2. 1 2 "Documented civilian deaths from violence". Iraq Body Count. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  3. ↑ "Methods". Iraq Body Count. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 "Iraq 2014: Civilian deaths almost doubling year on year". IBC. 1 January 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 "Iraq 2015: A Catastrophic Normal". IBC. 1 January 2016.
  6. ↑ "Iraq Deaths". Just Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  7. ↑ Dougherty, Josh (13 January 2007). "Mortality in Iraq". The Lancet. 369 (9556): 102–103. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60062-2. PMID   17223464. S2CID   46202829 . Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  8. ↑ "Iraq Government Casualty Figures via AFP (Google Docs)" . Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 "Casualty Figures". United Nations Iraq.
  10. ↑ "UN Casualty Figures for Month of December 2013". UNAMI. 2 January 2014.
  11. ↑ "UN Casualty Figures for Month of December 2014". UNAMI. 4 January 2015.
  12. ↑ "UN Casualty Figures for the Month of December 2015". UNAMI. 1 January 2016.
  13. ↑ "Almost 5,700 Killed Across Iraq in July". Antiwar.com Original. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  14. ↑ "4,800 Killed in Iraq During August". Antiwar.com Original. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  15. ↑ "3,790 Killed Across Iraq in September". Antiwar.com Original. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  16. ↑ "Over 6,700 Killed in Iraq during October; 205 Killed on Saturday". Antiwar.com Original. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  17. ↑ "Iraq 2014: 48,590 Killed and 26,516 Wounded". Antiwar.com. 1 January 2015.
  18. ↑ "Over 52,000 Killed in Iraq during 2015". Antiwar.com. 31 December 2015.
  19. ↑ "Operation Inherent Resolve". U.S. Department of Defense.
  20. ↑ "Summary findings on Coalition airstrikes: August 8th 2014 to December 31st 2015". airwars.org. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  21. ↑ "Suicide bomber kills 32 at Baghdad funeral march". Fox News. Associated Press. 27 January 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  22. ↑ "As bombs hit Baghdad, Iraq says about 69, 263 people killed between 2004 and 2011". Al Arabiya News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  23. 1 2 3 Piven, Ben (8 March 2012). "Iraq violence continues after US withdrawal". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  24. ↑ "Fourteen people killed and 39 injured in bombings across Iraq". Al Arabiya. 28 April 2012. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  25. ↑ "Iraqi leaders call for calm after bombing kills 25 people". Al Arabiya. 5 June 2012. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
  26. ↑ Associated France Press (AFP) (14 May 2012). "At least six people killed in spate of Iraq bombings". Al Arabiya News. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
  27. ↑ "Dozens killed in Iraq car bomb attack". Al Jazeera. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  28. ↑ "Iraq sees deadliest month in two years". BBC News. 1 August 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  29. ↑ "Iraq's monthly death toll halves in August". Trust.org. 1 September 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  30. ↑ "Iraq's monthly death toll doubles, bloodiest for two years". Trust.org. 4 October 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
  31. ↑ "Iraq violence drops off sharply in October". The Daily Star Lebanon. 8 November 2012. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  32. ↑ Wing, Joel (3 December 2012). "Iraqi Insurgency Tries To End November 2012 With a Bang". Musings on Iraq.
  33. ↑ "Iraqi civilian deaths rise in "low-level war" - study". Thomson Reuters Foundation. Reuters. 1 January 2013. Archived from the original on 10 March 2013.
  34. ↑ Ditz, Jason (1 February 2013). "Iraq Death Toll Spikes Again: 246 Killed Nationwide, 735 Wounded". Antiwar.com.
  35. ↑ "Iraq monthly death toll down in February". Reuters. 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  36. ↑ Tawfeeq, Mohammed (2 April 2013). "4 Al Qaeda Leaders Executed in Iraq". Assyrian International News Agency (AINA). Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  37. ↑ UN News Service (2 May 2013). "April deadliest month in Iraq in five years – UN" (PDF). UN Daily News. p. 3.
  38. ↑ UN News Service (6 June 2013). "UN envoy in Iraq strongly condemns ambush that leaves 14 dead at fake checkpoint" (PDF). UN Daily News. p. 8.
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