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The International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) is the current standard celestial reference system adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Its origin is at the barycenter of the Solar System, with axes that are intended to "show no global rotation with respect to a set of distant extragalactic objects". This fixed reference system differs from previous reference systems, which had been based on Catalogues of Fundamental Stars that had published the positions of stars based on direct "observations of [their] equatorial coordinates, right ascension and declination" and had adopted as "privileged axes ... the mean equator and the dynamical equinox" at a particular date and time.
Upsilon Scorpii, formally named Lesath, is a star located in the "stinger" of the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius, the scorpion. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is approximately 580 light-years from the Sun. In the night sky it lies near the 1.6 magnitude star Lambda Scorpii, and the two form an optical pair that is sometimes called the "Cat's Eyes".
Alpha Sculptoris, Latinized from α Sculptoris, is the Bayer designation for a blue-white star in the southern constellation of Sculptor. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +4.30, which makes it the brightest star in this generally faint constellation. Parallax measurements collected during the Hipparcos mission provide a distance estimate for this star, placing it at roughly 780 light-years, with a 4% margin of error.
Kappa Telescopii is a solitary, yellow-hued star in the southern constellation of Telescopium. With an apparent visual magnitude of +5.20, it is visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 12.00 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 272 light years from the Sun.
Epsilon Antliae, Latinized from ε Antliae, is the Bayer designation for a single star in the southern constellation of Antlia, being positioned near the western constellation border and forming part of the main asterism. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +4.51, which means it is visible to the naked eye. From parallax measurements, the distance to this star is known to be 590 ± 30 light-years. It is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +22 km/s.
Delta Apodis is the Bayer designation for a double star in the southern constellation of Apus.
88 Aquarii is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 88 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, though it also bears the Bayer designation c2 Aquarii. In dark conditions it is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.68. Based upon parallax measurements, this star is at a distance of around 271 light-years from Earth.
98 Aquarii is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 98 Aquarii is the Flamsteed designation, although it also bears the Bayer designation b1 Aquarii. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.97. The distance to this star, 163 light-years, is known from parallax measurements made with the Hipparcos spacecraft.
Zeta Arietis, Latinized from ζ Arietis, is a star in the northern constellation of Aries. It is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.89. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 12.77 mas, the distance to this star is 255 ± 7 light-years. This is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A1 V. It has a high rate of rotation with a projected rotational velocity of 133 km/s. The star is shining at an effective temperature of 9,500 K, giving it the characteristic white-hued glow of an A-type star.
Sigma Arietis, Latinized from σ Arietis, is the Bayer designation for a star in the northern constellation of Aries. It has an apparent visual magnitude of +5.52, which is bright enough for the star to be seen with the naked eye from dark suburban skies. The star is located at a distance of approximately 470 light-years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +17 km/s. On November 20, 1952, it was observed being occulted by the planet Jupiter.
Theta Arietis, Latinised from θ Arietis, is the Bayer designation for a binary star system in the northern constellation of Aries. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.58. With an annual parallax shift of 7.61 mas, the distance to this star is an estimated 429 light-years with a 10-light-year margin of error. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +6 km/s.
38 Aquarii is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. 38 Aquarii is its Flamsteed designation; its Bayer designation is e Aquarii. It is a faint star but visible to the naked eye, with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.43. Based on parallax measurements, it is around 450 light-years away; it is 0.28 degree south of the ecliptic.
49 Arietis is a single star in the northern constellation of Aries. 49 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, white hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.90. The star is located at a distance of about 223 light-years distant from Earth based on parallax.
26 Arietis is a variable star in the northern constellation of Aries. 26 Arietis is the Flamsteed designation; it also bears the variable star designation UU Arietis. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 6.14, which, according to the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, is within the naked eye visibility limit in dark rural skies. The annual parallax shift of 13.78 mas is equivalent to a distance of approximately 215 light-years from Earth. The star is receding from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +15 km/s.
Omega Carinae, Latinized from ω Carinae, is a star in the constellation Carina. With a declination greater than 70 degrees south of the celestial equator, it is the most southerly of the bright stars of Carina, and it is part of a southern asterism known as the Diamond Cross. This star has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.3 and is located at a distance of about 342 light-years from Earth.
p Carinae is the Bayer designation of a star in the southern constellation of Carina. It has the variable star designation PP Carinae and, at an apparent visual magnitude of +3.3, is readily visible to the naked eye from the southern hemisphere. From the observed parallax shift of this star as the Earth orbits the Sun, its distance can be estimated as roughly 480 light-years with a 6% margin of error. It is considered to be a member of the open cluster IC 2602 although it lies well outside the core visible group of stars.
HD 183144 is a suspected variable star in the equatorial constellation of Aquila. It is a hot giant star about 1,130 light years away.
HD 125658 is a candidate variable star in the northern constellation of Boötes.
The Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch is an astronomical ephemeris almanac and one of the longest publication series in astronomy. It was a compendium of ephemerides of all large Solar System bodies and of fundamental stars which define the celestial reference system.
Rho2 Arae is the Bayer designation for a star in the southern constellation of Ara. It received this designation when the star was catalogued by Bode in his Uranographia. This is a rather dim naked-eye star with an apparent visual magnitude of 5.54. Based upon an annual parallax shift of just 6.28 mas, it is around 520 light-years distant from the Sun, give or take a 30-light-year margin of error.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Walter, Hans G.; Sovers, Ojars J. (2000). Astrometry of fundamental catalogues: the evolution from optical to radio reference frames. Berlin: Springer. p. 38. ISBN 9783540674368. OCLC 43919630.
- ↑ Wielen, R.; Schwan, H.; Dettbarn, C.; Lenhardt, H.; Jahreiß, H.; Jährling, R. "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6): I/264". VizieR . Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Archived from the original on 2020-10-06.
- ↑ Wielen, R.; Schwan, H.; Dettbarn, C.; Lenhardt, H.; Jahreiß, H.; Jährling, R. (1999). "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6): Part I: Basic Fundamental Stars with Direct Solutions" (PDF). Veröffentlichungen Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg (35). Karlsruhe: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut. Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W. ISBN 3-7650-0535-5. ISSN 0373-7055. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-06.