Catherine Driscoll is an Australian professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at the University of Sydney. [1] She grew up in Wauchope, New South Wales and was educated at Wauchope High School, the University of Newcastle (Australia), and the University of Melbourne. She has worked at the University of Melbourne, the University of Adelaide, and joined the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry at the University of Sydney in 2003. She has held visiting fellow positions at Duke University, Columbia University, Cardiff University, and the Australian National University. [2] [3]
Driscoll served as Vice-Chair and then Chair of the international Association for Cultural Studies (2016-2022), [4] and helped found the International Girls Studies Association in 2011. [5]
Driscoll's most influential work focuses on ideas about girls and their experiences and identities. This work helped define the field of girls studies, [6] particularly through the influence of her book Girls (2002), which "analyses a vast range of sites, texts, case studies, and discourses from the nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century" while addressing "debates about post-feminism, girl culture, and feminist generations". [7] Scholarship in girls studies has expanded considerably since Driscoll's work leading up to Girls, but at the time this book was described by Angela McRobbie as "the first sustained account of how young women come to understand themselves through the world of images, texts and representations". [8] It "sought to correct the "invisibility of girls in cultural studies as the discourse most likely to consider their involvement in the production of the world that defines them", offering "a history of 'feminine adolescence' as the category through which we understand girls today, and by extension, through which girls understand themselves and their lives". [9]
As well as many essays on girlhood and girls' media culture, [10] and related work on rural girls, [11] Driscoll teaches and researches more broadly in cultural theory, cultural studies, and youth studies, with specific attention to popular culture, modernist studies, rural studies, and cultural policy. Her work is also interesting for its innovative interdisciplinary method and a "relational" or "conjunctural" approach that Margaret Henderson compares to Michel Foucault's The Order of Things [12] and Ben Highmore compares to Walter Benjamin's The Arcades Project . [13] Driscoll herself stresses a debt to Foucault [14] [15] and Benjamin [16] but also to feminist scholars like Angela McRobbie [17] and to cultural studies scholars like Raymond Williams [18] [19] and Meaghan Morris. [20] This interdisciplinary relational model for feminist cultural studies stretches across Driscoll's books on seemingly very different topics. Highmore argues that in her work on modernism and modernity, "the cultural becomes the way of getting a line on the conjunctural" and modernism is understood as "a deep condition of gendering affect" in analysis that "is profoundly, productively and constitutionally feminist in orientation". [21] Regarding Driscoll's work on rural girlhood, Katherine Murphy notes that she "is able to put historians into conversation with cultural studies, girls studies, and rural studies scholars. Bringing these discussions together with her own ethnographic research, Driscoll demonstrates the ongoing resonance of powerful cultural (and gendered) ideas about the rural and the urban". [22] Even Driscoll's less theoretical work, such as the book Teen Film (2011), features the kind of unexpected directions, for example into media regulation, [23] that Highmore calls her "conjunctural and contextual enquiry". [21]
Her nationally funded research includes projects on ideas and images of girlhood, the history and experience of Australian country girlhood, cultural sustainability in rural communities, age-based media classification systems, [24] and ideas about boys and boyhood, especially in Australia. [25] She is currently leading a Sydney-based team of feminist researchers on boys studies. [26] [27]
Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures and gender expression. Most cultures use a gender binary, in which gender is divided into two categories, and people are considered part of one or the other ; those who are outside these groups may fall under the umbrella term non-binary. Some societies have specific genders besides "man" and "woman", such as the hijras of South Asia; these are often referred to as third genders. Most scholars agree that gender is a central characteristic for social organization. Gender can be thought of as biopsychosocial, as it includes social, psychological, biological, cultural and behavioral aspects.
Gender studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing gender identity and gendered representation. Gender studies originated in the field of women's studies, concerning women, feminism, gender, and politics. The field now overlaps with queer studies and men's studies. Its rise to prominence, especially in Western universities after 1990, coincided with the rise of deconstruction.
Tomboy is a term used for girls or young women with masculine traits. It can include wearing androgynous or unfeminine clothing and engaging in physical sports or other activities and behaviors usually associated with boys or men.
Femininity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered feminine are influenced by both cultural factors and biological factors. To what extent femininity is biologically or socially influenced is subject to debate. It is conceptually distinct from both the female biological sex and from womanhood, as all humans can exhibit feminine and masculine traits, regardless of sex and gender.
Girl power is a slogan that encourages and celebrates women's empowerment, independence, confidence and strength. The slogan's invention is credited to the US punk band Bikini Kill, who published a zine called Bikini Kill #2: Girl Power in 1991. It was then popularized in the mainstream by the British girl group Spice Girls in the mid-1990s. According to Rolling Stone magazine, the Spice Girls' usage of "girl power" was one of the defining cultural touchstones that shaped the Millennial generation.
Postmodern feminism is a mix of post-structuralism, postmodernism, and French feminism. The goal of postmodern feminism is to destabilize the patriarchal norms entrenched in society that have led to gender inequality. Postmodern feminists seek to accomplish this goal through rejecting essentialism, philosophy, and universal truths in favor of embracing the differences that exist amongst women to demonstrate that not all women are the same. These ideologies are rejected by postmodern feminists because they believe if a universal truth is applied to all woman of society, it minimizes individual experience, hence they warn women to be aware of ideas displayed as the norm in society since it may stem from masculine notions of how women should be portrayed.
Sheila Jeffreys is a former professor of political science at the University of Melbourne, born in England. A lesbian feminist scholar, she analyses the history and politics of human sexuality.
Feminist political ecology is a feminist perspective on political ecology, drawing on theories from Marxism, post-structuralism, feminist geography, ecofeminism and cultural ecology. Feminist political ecology examines the place of intersectional social relations in the political ecological landscape, exploring them as a factor in ecological and political relations. Specific areas in which feminist political ecology is focused are development, landscape, resource use, agrarian reconstruction and rural-urban transformation. Feminist political ecologists suggest gender is a crucial variable – in relation to class, race and other relevant dimensions of political ecological life – in constituting access to, control over, and knowledge of natural resources.
Griselda Frances Sinclair Pollock is an art historian and cultural analyst of international, postcolonial feminist studies in visual arts and visual culture. Since 1977, Pollock has been an influential scholar of modern art, avant-garde art, postmodern art, and contemporary art. She is a major influence in feminist theory, feminist art history, and gender studies. She is renowned for her innovative feminist approaches to art history which aim to deconstruct the lack of appreciation and importance of women in art as other than objects for the male gaze.
Meaghan Morris is an Australian scholar of cultural studies. She is currently a Professor of Gender and Cultural Studies at the University of Sydney.
The social construction of gender is a theory in feminism and sociology about the manifestation of cultural origins, mechanisms, and corollaries of gender perception and expression in the context of interpersonal and group social interaction. Specifically, the social construction of gender stipulates that gender roles are an achieved "status" in a social environment, which implicitly and explicitly categorize people and therefore motivate social behaviors.
Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorizing has undervalued and/or underappreciated women's moral experience, which is largely male-dominated, and it therefore chooses to reimagine ethics through a holistic feminist approach to transform it.
Rosalind Clair Gill is a British sociologist and feminist cultural theorist. She is currently Professor of Social and Cultural Analysis at City, University of London. Gill is author or editor of ten books, and numerous articles and chapters, and her work has been translated into Chinese, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish.
Meredith Rachael Jones is an Australian cultural theorist, currently employed at Brunel University London as Professor in Arts and Humanities, and as the director of its Institute of Communities and Society.
Girl studies, also known as girlhood studies, is an interdisciplinary academic field of study that is focused on girlhood and girls' culture that combines advocacy and the direct perspectives and thoughts of girls themselves. The field officially emerged in the 1990s after decades of falling under the broader field of women's studies. Scholars within girl studies examine social and cultural elements of girlhood and move away from an adult-centered focus. Those working in the field of girl studies have studied it primarily in relation to other fields that include sociology, psychology, education, history, literary studies, media studies, and communication studies. Girl studies seeks to work directly with girls themselves in order to analyze their lives and understand the large societal forces at play within them. Scholars in girl studies also explore the connection the field has to women's studies, boyhood studies, and masculinity studies. There are many different definitions of what a girl is. Some may say that a girl is under the age of 18. Catherine Driscoll discusses how in the nineteenth century, girls were traditionally defined as younger than the age of consent. Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh discuss girlhood beginning from birth to late twenties. Girlhood is often designated by age and consists of imitating observed and learned adult behavior.
Chris (Christine) Beasley is an Australian researcher whose interdisciplinary work crosses the fields of social and political theory, gender and sexuality studies and cultural studies. She is Emerita Professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Adelaide. She is an elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Social Sciences. In 2018, Beasley was named the leading researcher in feminism and women's studies in Australia based on major journal publications in the field. Beasley was the founder and inaugural co-Director of the Fay Gale Centre from 2009 to 2013.
The term Chicanafuturism was originated by scholar Catherine S. Ramírez which she introduced in Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies in 2004. The term is a portmanteau of 'chicana' and 'futurism', inspired by the developing movement of Afrofuturism. The word 'chicana' refers to a woman or girl of Mexican origin or descent. However, 'Chicana' itself serves as a chosen identity for many female Mexican Americans in the United States, to express self-determination and solidarity in a shared cultural, ethnic, and communal identity while openly rejecting assimilation. Ramírez created the concept of Chicanafuturism as a response to white androcentrism that she felt permeated science-fiction and American society. Chicanafuturism can be understood as part of a larger genre of Latino futurisms.
Lynda Garland is a scholar and professor at the University of Queensland. Her research focuses on females images in the Late Antiquity period and Byzantine Society.
Lesley Ruth Johnson is an Australian cultural historian, whose research has focused on gender studies and the sociology of education. She is professor emeritus at Griffith University.
Anita Monro is an Australian academic, theologian, and Uniting Church in Australia minister. She is the Principal of Grace College, one of the residential colleges of the University of Queensland, located on the St Lucia campus. She is also an Honorary Senior Fellow, in the School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, at the University of Queensland.