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Gallaudet University is a private federally chartered university in Washington, D.C., for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. It was founded in 1864 as a grammar school for both deaf and blind children. It was the first school for the advanced education of the deaf and hard of hearing in the world and remains the only higher education institution in which all programs and services are specifically designed to accommodate deaf and hard of hearing students. Hearing students are admitted to the graduate school and a small number are also admitted as undergraduates each year. The university was named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, a notable figure in the advancement of deaf education.
Edward Miner Gallaudet, was the first president of Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C. from 1864 to 1910.
Usher syndrome, also known as Hallgren syndrome, Usher–Hallgren syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa–dysacusis syndrome or dystrophia retinae dysacusis syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in any one of at least 11 genes resulting in a combination of hearing loss and visual impairment. It is a major cause of deafblindness and is at present incurable.
Deafblindness is the condition of little or no useful hearing and little or no useful sight. Different degrees of vision loss and auditory loss occur within each individual. Because of this inherent diversity, each deafblind individual's needs regarding lifestyle, communication, education, and work need to be addressed based on their degree of dual-modality deprivation, to improve their ability to live independently. In 1994, an estimated 35,000–40,000 United States residents were medically deafblind. Helen Keller was a well-known example of a deafblind individual. To further her lifelong mission to help the deafblind community to expand its horizons and gain opportunities, the Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults, with a residential training program in Sands Point, New York, was established in 1967 by an act of Congress.
Tactile signing is a common means of communication used by people with deafblindness. It is based on a sign language or another system of manual communication.
The history of deaf people and deaf culture make up deaf history. The Deaf culture is a culture that is centered on sign language and relationships among one another. Unlike other cultures the Deaf culture is not associated with any native land as it is a global culture. By some, deafness may be viewed as a disability, but the Deaf world sees itself as a language minority. Throughout the years many accomplishments have been achieved by deaf people. To name the most famous, Ludwig van Beethoven and Thomas Alva Edison were both deaf and contributed great works to culture.
Jane Fernandes is a Deaf American educator and social justice advocate. As of August 2021, Fernandes is the President of Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio. She previously served as president of Guilford College from 2014 to 2021.
Heidi Zimmer is an American deaf mountaineer who has accomplished several notable firsts in mountaineering. She was born deaf, and became the first deaf woman in history to reach the top of Mount McKinley on June 13, 1991. At the top, she unfolded a banner reading "DEAF WOMAN, A PARADE THROUGH THE DECADES". On August 15, 1992, Zimmer became the first deaf person to summit Mount Elbrus. On September 22, 1994, Zimmer became the first deaf woman to summit Kilimanjaro. She has also won a bronze medal in the Deaf Olympics. She graduated from Gallaudet University in 1978.
Rebecca Ann Alexander is an American psychotherapist and author. Deafblind due to Usher syndrome, Alexander wrote a memoir in 2014 about coming to terms with her deteriorating sight as well as her feats as an extreme athlete, such as climbing to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro. In 2016, she received a Helen Keller Achievement Award from the American Foundation for the Blind.
Father Cyril Bernhard Axelrod,, CSsR is a deafblind Catholic priest of the Redemptorist Order, known for his work with deaf and deafblind people. He has ministered to the deaf and deafblind around the world, including in South Africa, China and the United Kingdom. In 2014 he became the first deafblind person to become an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.
Beth S. Benedict is a professor in the Department of Communication Studies at Gallaudet University, advocate for the deaf, and a mentor for families with deaf children. Her research focuses on early intervention, early language acquisition, and family involvement. Benedict is also an advocate for the use of bilingualism in education of the deaf - incorporating the value of American Sign Language in deaf children. Benedict advocates for deaf-hearing partnerships, avoiding audism, the importance of bilingual education, deaf culture and the use of sign language while also working as a family mentor for families with deaf children. Recently, she was a keynote speaker for an International Deaf Studies conference and the featured speaker for the deaf education summit. Benedict takes what she researches about deafness and education and shares it broadly by way of talks and application - for example, she has helped the Georgia School for the Deaf work on developing bilingual education in their programs. In 2015 Benedict was the featured speaker at the Deaf education summit in Louisiana - a conference that brought together practitioners, educators, and parents to discuss local issues surrounding education of deaf children.
Alice Lougee Hagemeyer is a deaf American librarian who worked to make libraries more accessible for deaf people. She graduated from Gallaudet University in 1957. From 1957 to 1991 she worked for the District of Columbia Public Library. In 1974 she created Deaf Awareness Week, later called Deaf Heritage Week, in which programs about deaf culture are held in libraries. She became the District of Columbia Public Library's first full-time "Librarian for the Deaf Community" in 1976. Also in 1976, she earned a master's degree in Library Science from the University of Maryland. In 1979 she began The Red Notebook, which was a binder of information by and about deaf people for the Martin Luther King Memorial Library. In 2001 the information went online, on a website called "The Red Notebook." In 1980 she founded the unit now known as the Library Service to People who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Forum, which is a unit within the American Library Association. In 1986 she co-founded Friends of Libraries for Deaf Action, which became an official section of the National Association of the Deaf in 1992. She was also the chair of the National Association of the Deaf Ad Hoc Committee on National Deaf History Month and began the push to have March 13 to April 15 recognized as National Deaf History Month in the United States. In 2006 the American Library Association and the National Association of the Deaf declared that they would recognize that time as National Deaf History Month.
Edith Mansford Fitzgerald (1877–1940) was a deaf American woman who invented a system for the deaf to learn proper placement of words in the construction of sentences. Her method, which was known as the 'Fitzgerald Key,' was used to teach those with hearing disabilities in three-quarters of the schools in the United States.
Angeline Fuller Fischer was an American writer. She is considered one of the earliest deaf feminists due to her advocacy for the equal education of deaf women. Her poems and articles were published in publications across the United States; in 1908 the newspaper The Silent Worker called Fischer "one of America's great deaf poets".
John Lee Clark is an American deafblind poet, writer, and activist from Minnesota. He is the author of Suddenly Slow (2008) and Where I Stand: On the Signing Community and My DeafBlind Experience (2014), and the editor of anthologies Deaf American Poetry (2009) and Deaf Lit Extravaganza (2013). Clark was the recipient of a 2020 National Magazine Award. He is a prominent activist in the Protactile movement.
Nellie Jane Norman was a deaf performer, director, professor, and curator, recognized for her work on the faculty of Gallaudet University. She actively promoted deaf culture, language, and art through her contributions to teaching, TV programs, and film festivals. In 2007, she founded the National Deaf Life Museum at Gallaudet.
Edith Mabel Nelson was a librarian known for being the first Deaf woman in the Gallaudet Hall of Fame, and the last Deaf library director at Gallaudet University.
Meredith Peruzzi is an American historian and Director of the National Deaf Life Museum (NDLM) in Washington D. C.
Ellen Byron is an American novelist, screenwriter, and producer.
References
- 1 2 Spiers, Elizabeth (2008-12-19). "Spotlight on the Deaf-Blind Community -- January 2009". The American Association of the Deaf-Blind (AADB). Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ↑ "Orchid of the Bayou". Gallaudet University Press. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ↑ "PROGRAM". American Annals of the Deaf. 126 (6). Gallaudet University Press: 775–781. 1981. doi:10.1353/aad.2012.1217. ISSN 1543-0375. JSTOR 44390392 . Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ↑ "Nonfiction Book Review: ORCHID OF THE BAYOU: A Deaf Woman Faces Blindness by Cathryn Carroll". Publishers Weekly. 2001-02-01. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ↑ "Jewish Deaf Profile – Jewish Deaf Community Center". Jewish Deaf Community Center. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ↑ "Gallaudet University Press: February Newsletter". gupress.gallaudet.edu. 2015-08-25. Archived from the original on 2015-08-25. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ↑ "Fischer, Catherine Hoffpauir "Kitty"". Gallaudet University Library Guide to Deaf Biographies and Index to Deaf Periodicals. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
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