Caulfield is a surname of several separate origins. [1] It may occasionally be of English origin, [2] but in Ireland is often a simplified form of a number of Gaelic surnames, including Mac Cathmhaoil , [3] an Ulster family traditionally descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages. [4] It is also known to be an anglicized form of Ó Gamhna and Ó Gamhnáin. A variant Caulfeild, were an Anglo-Irish family (see Earl of Charlemont). Notable people with this surname include:
James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont KP PC (Ire), was an Irish statesman.
Viscount Charlemont is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1665 for William Caulfeild, 5th Baron Charlemont.
Sir Phelim Roe O'Neill of Kinard was an Irish politician and soldier who started the Irish rebellion in Ulster on 23 October 1641. He joined the Irish Catholic Confederation in 1642 and fought in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms under his cousin, Owen Roe O'Neill, in the Confederate Ulster Army. After the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland O’Neill went into hiding but was captured, tried and executed in 1653.
During the Tudor conquest of Ireland (c.1540–1603), "surrender and regrant" was the legal mechanism by which Irish clans were to be converted from a power structure rooted in clan and kin loyalties, to a late-feudal system under the English legal system. The policy was an attempt to incorporate the clan chiefs into the English-controlled Kingdom of Ireland, and to guarantee their property under English common law, as distinct from the traditional Irish Brehon law system. This strategy was the primary non-violent method for Crown officials in the Dublin Castle administration to subjugate Irish clan leaders during the conquest. It was an unanticipated consequence to be required to pay fealty in currency instead of trade labor or commodities. The process of "surrender and regrant" thus created new, unfamiliar debt structures among the Irish, and these debts had social and political consequences.
Clancy is an Irish name coming from the Gaelic Mac Fhlannchaidh/Mac Fhlannchadha, meaning "Son of the red/ruddy warrior", or as a hypocorism for Clarence. The surname originated from two different families, one in Thomond and one in the present day County Leitrim.
The surname Duff has several origins. In some cases, it is an Anglicised form of the Gaelic Ó Duibh, Mac Giolla Duibh, Mac Duibh. The surname Duff is also sometimes a short form of Duffin, and MacElduff, and Duffy.
McCullough is an Irish surname, with two distinct Gaelic origins:
MacDonnell, Macdonnell, or McDonnell is a surname of Scottish and Irish origin. It is an anglicized form of the Gaelic patronymic Mac Dhòmhnaill, meaning "son of Dòmhnall". The Gaelic personal name Dòmhnall is a Gaelicised form of the name Donald, which is composed of the elements domno, meaning "world", and val, meaning "might" or "rule". The name is considered a variation of MacDonald.
William Caulfeild, 1st Viscount Charlemont PC (Ire), was an Irish politician and peer.
Fitzsimons is a surname of Norman origin common in both Ireland and England. The name is a variant of "Sigmundsson", meaning son of Sigmund. The Gaelicisation of this surname is Mac Síomóin or Mac an Ridire.
McCaul, also spelt MacCawell is an Irish surname, derived from the Gaelic Mac Cathmhaoil, meaning the "son of Cathmhaol", descendant of being implied. The name Cathmhaoil itself is derived from cath mhaol meaning "battle chief". The Mac Cathmhaoil were the leading family of Cenél Fearadhaigh, of the Uí Néill, and were based around Clogher in modern-day County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. They were one of the seven powerful septs that supported the O'Neills. Mac Cathmhaoil is now rare in Ulster as it has been Anglicised under various different forms such as, Campbell, McCawl, Caulfield, McCall, Alwell, Callwell, McCowell, McCuill, Howell, MacHall, and McQuade.
Francis William Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont KP, PC (Ire), styled Viscount Caulfeild until 1799, was an Irish peer and politician.
Caulfeild is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Donnelly is an Irish surname. Also used as: O’Donnelly or Donley. It is derived from the Gaelic Ó Donnghaile meaning 'descendant of Donnghal', a given name composed of the elements donn and gal ('valour'). O'Donnelly was historically of the Northern Uí Néill's Cenél nEoghain, descended from Donnghal, the great grandson of Domhnall, King of Ailech.
Events from the year 1624 in Ireland.
The Custos Rotulorum of County Armagh was the highest civil officer in County Armagh, Ireland. The position was later combined with that of Lord Lieutenant of Armagh.
The Custos Rotulorum of Tyrone was the highest civil officer in County Tyrone, Ireland. The position was later combined with that of Lord Lieutenant of Tyrone.
The Honourable Francis Caulfeild, was an Irish politician who represented County Armagh and Charlemont.
James Caulfeild, 3rd Viscount Charlemont was an Anglo-Irish politician and peer.
Colonel James Alfred Caulfeild, 7th Viscount Charlemont DL JP CB was an Irish Peer and soldier.