The Republican People's Party is a Kemalist and social-democratic political party in Turkey which currently stands as the main opposition party. It is also the oldest political party in Turkey, founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president and founder of the modern Turkish Republic. The party is also cited as the founding party of modern Turkey. The CHP describes itself as a ''modern social-democratic party, which is faithful to the founding principles and values of the Republic of Turkey". Its logo consists of the Six Arrows, which represent the foundational principles of Kemalism: republicanism, reformism, laicism (Laïcité/Secularism), populism, nationalism, and statism. It is the main opposition party to the ruling conservative Justice and Development Party (AKP) in the Grand National Assembly with 135 MPs.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until 1934 was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded as one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century.
Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak was a Turkish field marshal (Mareşal) and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire in 1920. He later joined the provisional Government of the Grand National Assembly and became the Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of National Defense and later as the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1921 to 1922. He was the second Chief of the General Staff of the provisional Ankara Government and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey.
The Republic Monument is a notable monument located at Taksim Square in Istanbul, Turkey, to commemorate the formation of the Turkish Republic in 1923.
Musa Kâzım Karabekir was a Turkish general and politician. He was the commander of the Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I and served as Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey before his death.
Bahriye Üçok was a Turkish academic of theology, left-wing politician, writer, columnist, and women's rights activist whose assassination in 1990 remains unresolved.
Muammer Aksoy was a Turkish academic of law, politician, columnist and intellectual. He was assassinated.
Berç Türker (1870–1949) was an Ottoman-Turkish bank executive and politician of ethnic Armenian origin.
Ali Rıza Seyfi (1879–1958) was a Turkish novelist, historian and poet.
Hüseyin Mükerrem Hiç was a Turkish professor of economics and political economy at Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, with former posts at Harvard University, Princeton University and Columbia University. He also served as a member of Grand National Assembly of Turkey between 1983 and 1987.
Refet Bele, also known as Refet Bey or Refet Pasha was a Turkish military commander. He served in the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army, where he retired as a general.
Mehmet Cevat Abbas Gürer was an officer of the Ottoman Army, the Turkish Army, and a politician of the Republic of Turkey.
Necdet Calp was a Turkish civil servant and politician.
Falih Rıfkı Atay was a Turkish journalist, writer and politician between 1923 and 1950.
Abdullah Nevzat Tandoğan was the fourth mayor and governor of Ankara serving between 1929 and 1946. He committed suicide upon a political scandal he was involved in.
Mazhar Müfit Bey was a Turkish civil servant and politician. In 1934 he assumed the surname Kansu.
Şevket Aziz Kansu was a Turkish physician and academic. He specialised in anthropology and archaeology and was the first rector of Ankara University.
Gürdal Duyar was a Turkish sculptor, known especially for his monuments to Atatürk and busts of famous people. His art is characterized by a modern expressionist style balanced with abstraction. He is considered one of the pioneers of modern figurative sculpture in Turkey. Although Duyar was also a painter and was noted for his sketching, his best known works are the public sculptures that can be found in the different parks and squares of Istanbul.
İsmet Kür was a Turkish educator, journalist, columnist and writer of mainly children's literature. Her writings included children's stories, novels, memoirs, short story, poems, and non-fiction. As a journalist, she worked at the BBC World Service, Cumhuriyet, Barış, and Yeni İstanbul. She also provided programming at Ankara Radio, TRT, and Bayrak.
