Mission type | Communications |
---|---|
Operator | TelNet |
COSPAR ID | 2021-022AA |
SATCAT no. | 47956 |
Spacecraft properties | |
Manufacturer | TelNet |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 22 March 2021 |
Rocket | Soyuz-2 |
Launch site | Baikonur, Kazakhstan |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Low Earth orbit |
Challenge-1 [1] or Challenge One (TelNet Challenge One) [2] [3] is the first domestically made satellite from Tunisia. It was launched on 22 March 2021 by Russia on a Soyuz 2 rocket from Baikonur in Kazakhstan. The satellite was built by a team of telecommunications engineers from TelNet, as an Internet of Things satellite. [1] [3] This marked Tunisia as the 6th African country [1] and the 1st country in the Maghreb to manufacture its own satellite. [4] The satellite is to be the first of a constellation of 30 satellites. [5] The satellite was first announced in September 2019 for a July 2020 launch. [6]
The satellite specializes in Internet of Things technology, and it is the first one that uses LoRaWAN protocol for communications. This protocol makes it easier to be individually programmed, controlled, or reset, in space, from Telnet labs. [7]
The Syrian Ministry of Communications retains governmental authority over the internet in Syria. Prior to the Syrian civil war, telecommunications in Syria were slowly moving towards liberalization, with a number of licenses awarded and services launched in the Internet service provision market. The initiative reflected the government's change in attitude towards liberalization, following its promise to the European Union to liberalize markets by 2010. All other forms of fixed-line communications are provided by the state-owned operator, Syrian Telecom (STE).
Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. Turkmenistan's telecommunications services are considered to be the least developed of all the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. Overall, the telecom market in this predominantly rural country is relatively small but has been trying boldly to expand in recent years. The state-owned Turkmen Telecom has been the primary provider of public telephone, email and internet services, and through a subsidiary has been operating a GSM mobile network in competition with a private mobile operator, BCTI.
The Tunisian Football Federation is the governing body of football in Tunisia. It established on 29 March 1957. It became a member in the FIFA in 1960, and in the same year it also became a member of CAF association. The federation also joined the UAFA in 1976 and the UNAF in 2005.
Hammadi Agrebi Stadium, opened as 7 November Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located in the sports city of Radès, located in Radès, in the southern suburb of the city Tunis. The stadium was established in 2001 to host the 2001 Mediterranean Games. The stadium hosts the matches of the Tunisian national team, Esperance de Tunis and Club Africain.
Sakher El Materi is a Tunisian businessman. He is the son-in-law of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who was President of Tunisia until 2011. In 2010, Materi's company Princesse El-Materi Holdings was operating in six industry sectors: News and Media, Banking and Financial Services, Automotive, Shipping and Cruises, Real Estate and Agriculture. A member of the ruling Constitutional Democratic Rally, he was elected as a Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Tunisia for the constituency of Tunis on 25 October 2009. He was struck off by the party after the 2011 Tunisian Revolution. After the revolution El Materi fled the country and went to the Seychelles.
Presidential elections were held in Tunisia on 23 November 2014, a month after parliamentary elections. They were the first free and fair presidential elections since the country gained independence in 1956, and the first direct presidential elections after the Tunisian Revolution of 2011 and the adoption of a new Constitution in January 2014.
Parliamentary elections were held in Tunisia on 26 October 2014. Campaigning started on 4 October 2014. They were the first free regular legislative elections since independence in 1956, and the first elections held following the adoption of the new constitution in January 2014, which created a 217-seat Assembly of the Representatives of the People. According to preliminary results, Nidaa Tounes gained a plurality of votes, winning 85 seats in the 217-seat parliament, beating the Ennahda Movement and many smaller parties.
Moez Chakchouk, born in Sousse on 12 July 1975, is the Director of Government Affairs and Regulatory Policy at Packet Clearing House, the international organization responsible for providing operational support and security to critical internet infrastructure, including Internet exchange points and the core of the domain name system. Chakchouk was previously the Transport Minister of Tunisia (2020-2021), Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information at UNESCO (2018-2020), Chairman and CEO of the Tunisian Post (2015-2018), and chairman and CEO of Agence Tunisienne d'Internet.
Farès Ferjani is a Tunisian fencer. He competed in the men's sabre event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
TelOne Zimbabwe is a parastatal telecommunications company owned by the Zimbabwe government headquartered in Harare's Central Business District. It is the largest telecom entity in Zimbabwe and has the second largest fixed-line network in Southern Africa after Telkom South Africa. The parastatal is Zimbabwe's sole fixed landline services provider.
Kais Saied is a Tunisian politician, jurist and retired professor of law currently serving as the seventh president of Tunisia since October 2019. He was president of the Tunisian Association of Constitutional Law from 1995 to 2019.
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Mohamed Khalil Jendoubi is a Tunisian taekwondo practitioner. Representing Tunisia at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan, he won silver in the men's 58 kg taekwondo event.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia was a part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was confirmed to have reached Tunisia on 2 March 2020.
Noureddine Ben Yahmed, known as Noureddine Diwa, was a Tunisian professional footballer who represented Tunisia on 23 occasions. Diwa played as a striker.
The competition for the Best Tunisian footballer of the year was established by the agency Tunis Afrique Presse in 2012, via a referendum open to sports journalists, coaches and technicians, but also on its website to designate the best Tunisian footballer of the year.
Moncef Ouannes was a Tunisian sociologist.
In the 2014–15 season, Espérance Sportive de Tunis competed in the Ligue 1 for the 60th season, as well as the Tunisian Cup. It was their 60th consecutive season in the top flight of Tunisian football. They competed in Ligue 1, the Champions League, the Confederation Cup and the Tunisian Cup.
Parliamentary elections were held in Tunisia on 17 December 2022 to elect the third Assembly of the Representatives of the People. Run-offs were held on 29 January 2023 in the vast majority of constituencies after only 21 candidates were elected in the first round.
The 2022–23 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 season was the 97th season of top-tier football in Tunisia.