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Maréchal, nous voilà ! is a 1941 French song dedicated to Marshal Philippe Pétain. The lyrics were composed by André Montagard; its music was attributed to André Montagard and Charles Courtioux but actually plagiarized from a song composed for the 1933 musical La Margoton du battailon by Polish Jewish composer Kazimierz Oberfeld, who was deported to Auschwitz in 1945, where he was murdered. Although La Marseillaise remained the official national anthem of the state, Maréchal, nous voilà ! was performed in many capacities unofficially as an alternative song for the public, being used as a popular song for events like sports and recreation. However, the song never dispelled the use of "La Marseillaise" as the official anthem, and it remained the main hymn of the Vichy State and had official support among the Vichy government. It had multiple performances during the Vichy France Era, often in a famous variation by André Dassary.
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Anti-Jewish laws were enacted by the Vichy France government in 1940 and 1941 affecting metropolitan France and its overseas territories during World War II. These laws were, in fact, decrees of head of state Marshal Philippe Pétain, since Parliament was no longer in office as of 11 July 1940. The motivation for the legislation was spontaneous and was not mandated by Germany. These laws were declared null and void on 9 August 1944 after liberation and on the restoration of republican legality.
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The Law of 4 October 1940 regarding foreign nationals of the Jewish race was a law enacted by the Vichy regime, which authorized and organized the internment of foreign Jews and marked the beginning of the policy of collaboration of the Vichy regime with Nazi Germany's plans for the extermination of the Jews of Europe. The law was published in the Journal officiel de la République française on 18 October 1940.
Organizational Committees were entities established by the Vichy regime to regulate and control the French economy during the German occupation of France in World War II. Initially intended to protect French economic interests, these committees soon became tools of economic collaboration with Nazi Germany.
The General Confederation of Independent Trade Unions (CGSI) was a French trade union confederation created in the aftermath of World War II. It disappeared in the 1970s. The CGSI was active in sectors such as the automobile industry, the postal service, and the City of Paris administration.
References
- ↑ "Law of August 16, 1940, on the Provisional Organization of Industrial Production". Journal Officiel (205): 4731–4733. August 18, 1940.
- ↑ "Decrees of November 9, 1940, dissolving various national organizations". Journal Officiel (291): 5653–5654. November 12, 1940.
- ↑ "Marshal Pétain's Speech in Saint-Étienne, March 1, 1941". Le Journal. March 2, 1941.
- ↑ "Law No. 4260 of October 4, 1941, on the Social Organization of Professions". Journal Officiel (293): 4650–4656. October 26, 1941.
- ↑ Jean-Pierre Le Crom (1995). Syndicats, nous voilà! Vichy et le corporatisme. Éditions de l'Atelier. ISBN 9782708231238.