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The Central Tibetan Administration is a non-profit political organization based in Dharamshala,India. Its organization is modeled after an elective parliamentary government,composed of a judiciary branch,a legislative branch,and an executive branch,and is sometimes labelled as a government in exile for Tibet.
The Panchen Lama is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Panchen Lama is one of the most important figures in the Gelug tradition,with its spiritual authority second only to the Dalai Lama. Along with the council of high lamas,he is in charge of seeking out the next Dalai Lama. Panchen is a portmanteau of Pandita and Chenpo,meaning "great scholar".
A tulku is a distinctive and significant aspect of Tibetan Buddhism,embodying the concept of enlightened beings taking corporeal forms to continue the lineage of specific teachings. The term "tulku" has its origins in the Tibetan word "sprul sku",which originally referred to an emperor or ruler taking human form on Earth,signifying a divine incarnation. Over time,this term evolved within Tibetan Buddhism to denote the corporeal existence of highly accomplished Buddhist masters whose purpose is to ensure the preservation and transmission of a particular lineage.
Chökyi Gyalpo,also referred to by his secular name Gyaincain Norbu or Gyaltsen Norbu,is considered the 11th Panchen Lama by the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC). He is also the vice president of the Buddhist Association of China. Gyalpo is considered to be a proxy of the Chinese government.
The 11th Panchen Lama controversy centers on the 28 year-long enforced disappearance of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima and on the recognition of the 11th Kunsik Panchen Lama. The Panchen Lama is considered the second most important spiritual leader in Tibetan Buddhism after the Dalai Lama. Following the death of the 10th Panchen Lama,the 14th Dalai Lama recognized Gedhun Choekyi Nyima in 1995. Three days later,the People's Republic of China (PRC) abducted the Panchen Lama and his family. Months later,the PRC chose Gyaincain Norbu as its proxy Panchen Lama. During the traditional search process led by Chadrel Rinpoche,he indicated to the Dalai Lama that all signs pointed to Gedhun Choekyi Nyima,while the Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas recognize each other's incarnations. The PRC had established its own search committee,which included Chatral Rinpoche and other monks,and wanted to use a lottery system referred to as the Golden Urn. Neither Gedhun Choekyi Nyima nor his family have been seen since the abduction. Chatral Rinpoche was also arrested by Chinese authorities the day of the abduction.
Gaden Tharpa Choling Monastery is a Gelugpa monastery situated at the hilltop in Kalimpong,India. The monastery was founded by Domo Geshe Rinpoche Ngawang Kalsang in 1912. History says that Domo Geshe Rinpoche lived in Kalimpong in 1906 when he came to India for pilgrimage and to collect medicinal plants from India,Nepal and Bhutan. At the request of the Tibetan merchants and some Bhutanese leaders living in Kalimpong to establish a monastery there,Rinpoche instituted this monastery. Gaden Tharpa Choling monastery is a non-profitable development Association,registered under the West Bengal Societies Registration Act,1961.
Gedhun Choekyi Nyima is the 11th Panchen Lama belonging to the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism,as recognized and announced by the 14th Dalai Lama on 14 May 1995. Three days later on 17 May,the 6-year-old Panchen Lama was kidnapped and forcibly disappeared by the Chinese government,after the State Council of the People's Republic of China failed in its efforts to install a substitute. A Chinese substitute is seen as a political tool to undermine the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama,which traditionally is recognized by the Panchen Lama. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima remains forcibly detained by the Chinese government,along with his family,in an undisclosed location since 1995. His khenpo,Chadrel Rinpoche,and another Gelugpa monk,Jampa Chungla,were also arrested. The United Nations,with the support of numerous states,organizations,and private individuals continue to call for the 11th Panchen Lama's release.
The Seventeen Point Agreement,officially the Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet,was a document pertaining to the status of Tibet within the People's Republic of China. It was signed by plenipotentiaries of the Central People's Government and the Tibetan government on 23 May 1951,in Zhongnanhai,Beijing. The 14th Dalai Lama ratified the agreement in the form of a telegraph on 24 October 1951.
Lobsang Tubten Jigme Gyatso (bot=བློ་བཟང་ཐུབ་བསྟན་འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱ་མཚོ་),officially the 8th Arjia Hotogtu(bot=ཨ་ཀྱཱ་ཧོ་ཐོག་ཐུ།),born 1950 in Haiyan County,Qinghai) is one of the most prominent Buddhist teachers and lamas to have left Tibet. At age two,Arjia Rinpoche was recognized by Choekyi Gyaltsen,10th Panchen Lama as the 20th Arjia Danpei Gyaltsen,the reincarnation of Je Tsongkhapa's father,Lumbum Ghe,the throne holder and abbot of Kumbum Monastery. He has trained with lineage teachers,such as the 14th Dalai Lama,the 10th Panchen Lama,and Gyayak Rinpoche—from whom he received many sacred teachings and ritual instructions.
Tempa Tsering.
The Golden Urn refers to a method for selecting Tibetan reincarnations by drawing lots or tally sticks from a Golden Urn introduced by the Qing dynasty of China in 1793. After the Sino-Nepalese War,the Qianlong Emperor promulgated the 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet,which included regulations on the selection of lamas. The Golden Urn was introduced ostensibly to prevent cheating and corruption in the selection process but also to position the Qianlong Emperor as a religious authority capable of adducing incarnation candidates. A number of lamas,such as the 8th and 9th Panchen Lamas and the 10th Dalai Lama,were confirmed using the Golden Urn. In cases where the Golden Urn was not used,the amban was consulted. Golden Urn was exempted for Lhamo Dhondup to become the 14th Dalai Lama in 1940.
The 14th Dalai Lama,known to the Tibetan people as Gyalwa Rinpoche,is,as the incumbent Dalai Lama,the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibet. He is considered a living Bodhisattva;specifically,an emanation of Avalokiteśvara in Sanskrit,and Chenrezig in Tibetan. He is also the leader and a monk of the Gelug school,the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism,formally headed by the Ganden Tripa. The central government of Tibet,the Ganden Phodrang,invested the Dalai Lama with temporal duties until his exile in 1959.
Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari Rinpoche,Kasur Lodi Gyari or "as he is universally known to the Tibetan-speaking world,Gyari Rinpoche" was a Tibetan politician,and journalist who served as the 14th Dalai Lama's special envoy to the United States. Exiled to India in 1959,he was also the executive chairman of the International Campaign for Tibet.
Protests and uprisings in Tibet against the government of the People's Republic of China have occurred since 1950,and include the 1959 uprising,the 2008 uprising,and the subsequent self-immolation protests.
The Tibet Bureau in Geneva is the official representation of the 14th Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government in Exile for Central and Eastern Europe. It was established with approval of the Swiss Federal Government in 1964.
Tseten Samdup Chhoekyapa is an official of the Tibetan Government in Exile. He is the Representative of the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government in Exile for Central and Eastern Europe and the head of the Tibet Bureau in Geneva. He was appointed as Representative on 1 April 2008,succeeding Kelsang Gyaltsen. He has previously worked for the Tibetan exile government in India and London. He is a graduate of Columbia University in New York,and was born in Nepal after his parents had escaped from Tibet in 1959,after the Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China.
Alak Jigme Thinley Lhundup or Alak Jigme Lhundup Rinpoche was a Tibetan Tulku,as well as the former speaker of the Tibetan Parliament in Exile and former Minister with the exile Tibet administration.
The Tibet Bureau in Paris,one of the offices of the official representation of the 14th Dalai Lama and of the Tibetan government in exile,is in charge of France,the Iberian Peninsula,the Maghreb and the Benelux countries. Founded in September 1992 it acts as an Embassy.
Lobsang Nyandak,sometimes written Lobsang Nyendak also called Lobsang Nyandak Zayul is a Tibetan diplomat and politician. born in 1965 in Kalimpong,India where he performed his studies in Herbertpur and at Panjab University in Chandigarh. There,he held functions at Tibetan Youth Congress before becoming the founding Executive Director of the Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy. Member of the National Democratic Party of Tibet,he was elected deputy and was selected as a minister by Samdhong Rinpoche,the first elected Kalon Tripa of Central Tibetan Administration (CTA). He then was the Representative of the 14th Dalai Lama to the Americas and became president of The Tibet Fund.
Tibet–India relations are said to have begun during the spread of Buddhism to Tibet from India during the 6th century AD. In 1959,the Dalai Lama fled to India after the failed 1959 Tibetan uprising. Since then,Tibetans-in-exile have been given asylum in India,with the Indian government accommodating them into 45 residential settlements across 10 states in the country,creating the Tibetan diaspora. From around 150,000 Tibetan refugees in 2011,the number fell to 85,000 in 2018,according to government data. Many Tibetans are now leaving India to go back to Tibet and other countries such as United States or Germany. The Government of India,soon after India's independence in 1947,treated Tibet as a de facto independent country. However,more recently India's policy on Tibet has been mindful of Chinese sensibilities,and has recognized Tibet as a part of China.
References
- ↑ "Office of Tibet". Australia/Tibet Information Office. 28 December 2010. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
... Name of Administrative Contact ... Chhime Rigzing
- ↑ Chhime R. Chhoekyapa (23 September 2003). "10th Panchen Rinpoche's daughter, Rinzin Wangmo la meets with fellow Tibetans in Switzerland". Phayul.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
Representative Chhime Rigzing Chhoekyapa in his brief speech paid tribute to the courageous contribution of the late Panchen Rinpoche and pointed out that it was very auspicious that Rinzin Wangmo la was able to meet with and speak to many Tibetans gathered that evening.
- ↑ Fr. Van sj (1 October 2002). "September 2002 Newsletter". St Joseph’s College. Archived from the original on 1 October 2010. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
It was a pleasure to spend time with ... Chhime Rigzing,'74, the Dalai Lama's representative in western Europe
- ↑ "The Tibet Bureau in Geneva". Tibetan Community in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
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