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The Peshwa was second highest office in the Maratha Confederacy, next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha empire, the office became hereditary after the death of Shahu in 1749. During the reign of Shahu, the office of Peshwa became incredibly powerful and the Peshwas came to be the de facto rulers of the Maratha empire. However following the defeat of the Marathas in 1761, the office of the Peshwa became titular as well and from that point onwards served as the ceremonial head of the Confederacy underneath the Chhatrapati.
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The Patil is an Indian last name and a title or surname. The female variant of the title is Patlin or Patlinbai, and is also used to describe the wife of a Patil.
Deshastha Brahmin is a Hindu Brahmin subcaste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra and North Karnataka. Other than these states, according to authors K. S. Singh, Gregory Naik and Pran Nath Chopra, Deshastha Brahmins are also concentrated in the states of Telangana (which was earlier part of Hyderabad State and Berar Division), Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh (Which was earlier part of Central Provinces and Berar) Historian Pran Nath Chopra and journalist Pritish Nandy say, "Most of the well-known saints from Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh were Deshastha Brahmins". The mother tongue of Deshastha Brahmins is either Marathi, Kannada or Telugu.
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Deshmukh (IAST:Dēśamukh), is a historical title conferred to the rulers of a Dēśamukhi. It is used as a surname in certain regions of India, specifically in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana Andhra Pradesh and nothern parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, goa whose family received it as a title.
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Deshpande is a surname native to the Indian states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. The surname can be also found in some parts of Andhra Pradesh. Deshpande surname is found among the Deshastha Brahmins, Gaud Saraswat Brahmins (GSB) and the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus (CKP).
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Deshastha Brahmin surnames are derived by adding the suffix kar or e to the village from which the family originally hailed. For example, Akhegaonkar came from the village Akhegaon, Bidkar came from the town of Bid, Yadwadkar came from Yadwad Nagpurkar comes from the city Nagpur, Virkar came from the village Vira or Veer, the Marathi poet V. V. Shirwadkar, colloquially known as Kusumagraj, came from the town of Shirwad, Dharwadkar from the town of Dharwad, and Bijapurkar from the town of Bijapur in Karnataka. Examples of Surnames with suffix e are Purandare from the village of Purandhar.
Marathi Brahmins are communities native to the Indian state of Maharashtra. They are classified into mainly three sub-divisions based on their places of origin, "Desh", "Karad" and "Konkan". The Brahmin subcastes that come under Maharashtra Brahmins include Deshastha, Chitpavan (Konkanastha), Saraswat, Karhade, and Devrukhe.
The following list includes a brief about the titles of nobility or orders of chivalry used by the Marathas of India and by the Marathis/Konkanis in general.
Karanam or Karnam was an office and title native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Traditionally, Karanam was an official who maintained the accounts and records of the villages and collected the taxes. Karanam was one of the two village-level administrative posts that existed in Andhra along with 'Munasabu' (Munsiff). The Karanam kept an elaborate system of village accounts.
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Shakakarte Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj yanche Saptaprakaranatmak Charitra, better known as Chitnis Bakhar, is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. It was written by Malhar Ram Rao Chitnis, whose ancestor Balaji Avaji held the position of Chitnis under Shivaji.
References
- ↑ M. V. Kamath (1995). Devi Ahalyabai Holkar. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
The ' Chitnavese ' ( Chitnis ) was a Secretary of State , in whose office was carried on all political correspondence , as directed by the prince , either public or confidential
- ↑ Surendra Nath Sen (1976). Administrative System of the Marathas. K. P. Bagchi.
Outside the council but in no way inferior to the eight ministers was the Chitnis
- ↑ R.S. Chaurasia (2004). History of the Marathas. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 193. ISBN 978-81-269-0394-8.
The Diwan was the principal executive officer and controlled other officials. He was assisted by the Phadnavis or chief accountant the financial officer (the Potnis or treasurer) the chitnis or political secretary, the sabnis or daftardar, who keeps records, and some other subordinate officers......Maratha government being a semi military institution all officers of the state including the ministers were under an obligation to perform military service also.
- ↑ Prachi Deshpande (2007). Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 1700-1960. Columbia University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-231-12486-7.
As Malhar Ramrao observed, it was not enough for the Chitnis to be literate; his office was political, and he had to often read the king's mind and anticipate his intentions, which required much imagination and intelligence
- ↑ R.S. Chaurasia (2004). History of the Marathas. p. 30. ISBN 9788126903948.
The leaders of Deshastha Brahmins were the three sons of Raghunath Malhar Kulkarni of Nagodi , known as Aba Chitnis , Krishnoba Chitnis and Gopal Bhau
- ↑ The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 91, Part 3. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1970. p. 8.
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