Chris Fismer | |
|---|---|
| Deputy Minister of General Affairs, South Africa | |
| In office 1994-1999 | |
| President | Nelson Mandela |
| Deputy Minister of Justice,South Africa | |
| In office 1994-1999 | |
| President | Nelson Mandela |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Christiaan Loedolff Fismer 30 September 1956 |
Christiaan Loedolff Fismer (born 30 September 1956) was the Deputy Minister of General Affairs and Deputy Minister of Justice under South African President Nelson Mandela,from 1994/5 to 1999. [1] [2]
Christiaan Neethling Barnard was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant operation. On 3 December 1967, Barnard transplanted the heart of accident victim Denise Darvall into the chest of 54-year-old Louis Washkansky who regained full consciousness and was able to talk easily with his wife, before dying eighteen days later of pneumonia, largely brought on by the anti-rejection drugs that suppressed his immune system. Barnard had told Mr. and Mrs. Washkansky that the operation had an 80% chance of success, an assessment which has been criticised as misleading. Barnard's second transplant patient, Philip Blaiberg, whose operation was performed at the beginning of 1968, returned home from the hospital and lived for a year and a half.
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