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Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a fusion energy research program that initiates nuclear fusion reactions by compressing and heating targets filled with thermonuclear fuel. These are pellets typically containing a mixture of deuterium 2H and tritium 3H. In current experimental reactors, fuel pellets are about the size of a pinhead and contain around 10 milligrams of fuel. Bigger power reactors are envisaged for the future as affordable, safe, clean, carbon-free energy sources of limitless scale that burn deuterium, which is plentiful in the oceans.
This timeline of nuclear fusion is an incomplete chronological summary of significant events in the study and use of nuclear fusion.
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LULI2000 is a high-power laser system dedicated to scientific research. It is located in LULI laboratory, at École Polytechnique in France. The main application of this type of laser is related to the very high energy fluxes obtained after focusing onto tiny focal spots, from micrometers to hundreds of micrometers in diameter. The interaction between these focused beams and small targets produces very hot plasmas, up to many hundred million degrees, high densities and high pressures. Depending on the laser and target parameters, these laser-generated plasmas may be compared to stars or planet interiors.
LULI : Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses ('LULI) is a scientific research laboratory specialised in the study of plasmas generated by laser-matter interaction at high intensities and their applications. The main missions of LULI include: (i) Research in Plasma Physics, (ii) Development and operation of high-power high-energy lasers and experimental facilities, (iii) student formation in Plasma Physics, Optics and Laser Physics.
Francis F. Chen is a Chinese-born American plasma physicist.
Riccardo Betti is the Robert L. McCrory professor of Mechanical Engineering and Physics and Astronomy at the University of Rochester, in Rochester, NY. Since 2004, he has also acted as the Director of the Fusion Science Center at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. He received is Ph.D. from the Department of Nuclear Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992. Prior to that he studied at the University of Rome (Italy), where he graduated with honors with a degree in Nuclear Engineering in 1987.
Patrick Huerre, born in 1947, is a French physicist in fluid mechanics. An engineer from the École centrale de Paris (1970), and a doctor of aeronautical sciences from Stanford University, he began his career at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. In 1989, he was appointed Professor of Mechanics at the École polytechnique where he created, with Jean-Marc Chomaz, and then directed the Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), a joint CNRS-École polytechnique research unit. He is currently Director of Research Emeritus at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
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The Edward Teller Award is an award presented every two years by the American Nuclear Society for "pioneering research and leadership in the use of laser and ion-particle beams to produce unique high-temperature and high-density matter for scientific research and for controlled thermonuclear fusion". It was established in 1999 and is named after Edward Teller. The award carries a $2000 cash prize and an engraved silver medal.
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John D. Lindl is an American physicist who specializes in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). He is currently the Chief Scientist of the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Masaaki Yamada is a Japanese plasma physicist known for his studies on magnetic reconnection.
Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn is a German theoretical physicist who specializes in laser-plasma interactions at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics. He published under the name Meyer until 1973.
Patrick Mora is a French theoretical plasma physicist who specializes in laser-plasma interactions. He was awarded the 2014 Hannes Alfvén Prize and 2019 Edward Teller Award for his contributions to the field of laser-plasma physics.
Toshiki Tajima is a Japanese theoretical plasma physicist known for pioneering the laser wakefield acceleration technique with John M. Dawson in 1979. The technique is used to accelerate particles in a plasma was experimentally realized in 1994, for which Tajima received several awards such as the Nishina Memorial Prize (2006), the Enrico Fermi Prize (2015), the Robert R. Wilson Prize (2019), the Hannes Alfvén Prize (2019) and the Charles Hard Townes Award (2020).
Malcolm Golby Haines was a British plasma physicist known for his research on Z-pinches. He was a Fellow of the American Physical Society and was co-awarded the 2005 Hannes Alfvén Prize.
The history of nuclear fusion began early in the 20th century as an inquiry into how stars powered themselves and expanded to incorporate a broad inquiry into the nature of matter and energy, as potential applications expanded to include warfare, energy production and rocket propulsion.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hora, Heinrich; Miley, George H., eds. (2016), Edward Teller Lectures: Lasers and Inertial Fusion Energy (2nd ed.), World Scientific, pp. 356–357, ISBN 978-1-911299-66-0
- ↑ "Research teams", Laboratory for the use of intense lasers, École Polytechnique, retrieved 2021-11-29
- ↑ "Fellows nominated in 2001 by the Division of Plasma Physics", APS Fellows archive, American Physical Society, retrieved 2021-11-29
- ↑ "Christine Garban Labaune", Nominations au Journal officiel de la République française, 4 April 2010, retrieved 2021-11-29
- ↑ Le Grand Prix Lazare Carnot de l'Académie des Sciences est attribué à C. Labaune (in French), École Polytechnique, 11 January 2010, retrieved 2021-11-29
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