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Bisenė or Bisena was a wooden fortress of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Lithuanian Crusade. It was one of the Lithuanian defensive outposts along the Neman River and was burned down by the Teutonic Order in 1283 and 1316. Its location was long debated and often confused with Pieštvė, but after 1985 research of Romas Batūra it has been generally accepted to be Kartupėnai Hillfort near the confluence of the Kartupis and Neman in Jurbarkas District Municipality, Lithuania. After the burning down of Kolainiai in 1291 and Bisenė in 1316, Junigeda (Veliuona) became the westernmost Lithuanian fortress along the Neman.
The Battle of Wopławki or Woplauken was fought on 7 April 1311 in the area near the village of Woplauken, north-east of Kętrzyn. Belorusian historian Ruslan Gagua states in Annalistic Records on the Battle of WopławkiArchived 2020-06-26 at the Wayback Machine The battle definitely had become a major and significant one by medieval standards during the military confrontation of the Teutonic Order and the then Lithuania, according to The Nature of the Conduct of Warfare in Prussian and Lithuanian Borderlands at the Turn of the 13th and 14th Centuries by Ruslan Gagua.
References
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- 1 2 Zinkus, Jonas; et al., eds. (1985–1988). "Christmemelis". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 1. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 322. LCCN 86232954.
- 1 2 Pakštas, Kazys (1933–1944). "Christmemelio pilis". In Biržiška, Vaclovas (ed.). Lietuviškoji enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 5. Kaunas: Spaudos Fondas. pp. 858–859. LCCN 37032253.
- 1 2 Jankauskas, Vytas (2008). "Nemuno žemupio pilių gynybinės sistemos efectyvumas kovose su vokiečių ordinu 1283–1369 metais" (PDF). Karo Archyvas (in Lithuanian): 12, 17. ISSN 1392-6489. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- 1 2 Urban, William (2006). Samogitian Crusade. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. 66–67. ISBN 0-929700-56-2.
- 1 2 Zabiela, Gintautas (1995). Lietuvos medinės pilys (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Diemedis. p. 251. ISBN 9986-23-018-7.