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Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is geographically in West Asia, but culturally and geopolitically Southeast European. Cyprus is the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean. It is located north of Egypt, east of Greece, south of Turkey, and west of Lebanon and Syria. Its capital and largest city is Nicosia. The northeast portion of the island is de facto governed by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, a claim recognised only by Turkey.
Physically bridging Europe and Asia, Turkey is a secular country that has pursued a Western-oriented foreign policy. To this end, Turkey uses its global diplomatic network—the fourth most extensive—of 246 diplomatic and consular missions.
The Cyprus problem, also known as the Cyprus conflict, Cyprus issue, Cyprus dispute, or Cyprus question, is an ongoing dispute between the leadership of the Greek Cypriot community in the southern portion of Cyprus, and that of the Turkish Cypriot community, situated in the north.
Relations between Greece and Turkey began in the 1830s following Greece's formation after its declaration of independence from the Ottoman Empire. Modern relations began when Turkey declared its formation in 1923 following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I.
Turkish Cypriots or Cypriot Turks are ethnic Turks originating from Cyprus. Following the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, about 30,000 Turkish settlers were given land once they arrived in Cyprus. Additionally, many of the island's local Christians converted to Islam during the early years of Ottoman rule. Nonetheless, the influx of mainly Muslim settlers to Cyprus continued intermittently until the end of the Ottoman period. Today, while Northern Cyprus is home to a significant part of the Turkish Cypriot population, the majority of Turkish Cypriots live abroad, forming the Turkish Cypriot diaspora. This diaspora came into existence after the Ottoman Empire transferred the control of the island to the British Empire, as many Turkish Cypriots emigrated primarily to Turkey and the United Kingdom for political and economic reasons.
The Turkish invasion of Cyprus began on 20 July 1974 and progressed in two phases over the following month. Taking place upon a background of intercommunal violence between Greek and Turkish Cypriots, and in response to a Greek junta-sponsored Cypriot coup d'état five days earlier, it led to the Turkish capture and occupation of the northern part of the island.
Turkish Australians or Australian Turks are Australians who have emigrated from Turkey or who have Turkish ancestral origins.
British Turks or Turks in the United Kingdom are Turkish people who have immigrated to the United Kingdom. However, the term may also refer to British-born persons who have Turkish parents or who have a Turkish ancestral background.
Turkish Americans or American Turks are Americans of ethnic Turkish origin. The term "Turkish Americans" can therefore refer to ethnic Turkish immigrants to the United States, as well as their American-born descendants, who originate either from the Ottoman Empire or from post-Ottoman modern nation-states. The majority trace their roots to the Republic of Turkey, however, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities in the US which descend from the island of Cyprus, the Balkans, North Africa, the Levant and other areas of the former Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, in recent years there has been a significant number of ethnic Turkish people coming to the US from the modern Turkish diaspora, especially from the Turkish Meskhetian diaspora in Eastern Europe and "Euro-Turks" from Central and Western Europe.
Odd Arne Westad FBA is a Norwegian historian specializing in the Cold War and contemporary East Asian history. He is the Elihu Professor of History and Global Affairs at Yale University, where he teaches in the Yale History Department and in the Jackson School of Global Affairs. Previously, Westad held the S.T. Lee Chair of US-Asia Relations at Harvard University, teaching in the John F. Kennedy School of Government. Westad has also taught at the London School of Economics, where he served as director of LSE IDEAS. In the spring semester 2019 Westad was Boeing Company Chair in International Relations at Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University.
The history of the Jews in Cyprus dates back at least to the 2nd century BCE, when a considerable number of Jews in Cyprus was first recorded. The Jews had close relationships with many of the other religious groups on the island and were seen favourably by the island's Roman rulers. During the war over the city of Ptolemais between Alexander Jannaeus and King Lathyros, many Jews remained committed to King Lathyros and were subsequently killed.
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Professor Hossein Sadri is an Iranian Azerbaijani, and Turkish scholar, architect, urban designer and activist. He is currently working as a senior lecturer in the School of Art & Design at Coventry University. Between 2010 and 2021, he worked as a full professor of architecture and urban design at Girne American University where he held the position of the dean of the Faculty of Architecture, Design & Fine Arts between 2012-2016. He held also academic teaching and research positions at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in IRAN (2003-2005), National Academy of Sciences in AZERBAIJAN (2006), The American University in Canterbury - UK (2011), and The City University of New York in the USA (2018). He studied undergraduate and graduate courses in the departments of Architecture, Philosophy, and Environmental Sciences and Policy at Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in IRAN (1997-2005), Gazi University (2006-2010), Hacettepe University (2007), and Yildiz Technical University (2007) in TURKEY, and Central European University in HUNGARY. His Ph.D. dissertation entitled Architecture and Human Rights was an interdisciplinary studies on the spatiality of human rights. He is one of the founding members of AUMME, the regional academic and professional network in the field of architecture and the chair of its 2nd conference in 2014. As the chair of the second CAUMME-Contemporary Architecture and Urbanism in the Mediterranean and the Middle-East International Conference, he opened up discussions regarding the end of the era of professionalism in architecture by introducing the term “Post-Professionalism”. He co-edited Cities without Capitalism, foreword by Peter Marcuse and published by Routledge in 2022.
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Talip Küçükcan is Ambassador of Turkey to the Republic of Indonesia. He is a Turkish professor of sociology and a former politician from the Justice and Development Party (AKP), who has served as a Member of Parliament for Adana since 7 June 2015 until 24 June 2018. He was head of the Turkish Delegation to and the Deputy President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and member of Foreign Relations Committee at the Turkish Parliament between 2015 and 2017. Küçükcan served as the deputy chairman of Political and Legal Affairs of the Justice and Development Party until July 2016. He also served as member of the OSCE PA of the Turkish delegation.
Nathalie Tocci is an Italian political scientist and international relations expert. She specializes in the role of the European Union (EU) in international affairs and peacekeeping, and the relationship between European states. She has served as the Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, and has also worked as an advisor to the government of Italy and to EU officials on foreign policy issues.
References
- ↑ Gökay, Bülent (December 2018). "Journal of Global Faultlines, 2018 Volume 5, Issue 1–2, pp 109–110". Journal of Global Faultlines. 5: 109–110. doi: 10.13169/jglobfaul.5.1-2.0109 . Retrieved 27 March 2022.
