Politics of India works within the framework of the country's Constitution. India is a parliamentary secular democratic republic in which the president of India is the head of state &first citizen of India and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government,although the word is not used in the Constitution itself. India follows the dual polity system,i.e. federal in nature,that consists of the central authority at the centre and states at the periphery. The Constitution defines the organizational powers and limitations of both central and state governments;it is well recognised,fluid and considered supreme,i.e. the laws of the nation must conform to it. India is officially declared a secular and socialist state as per the Constitution.
The Rajya Sabha,also known as the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2023,it has a maximum membership of 245,of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social service. The total allowed capacity is 250 according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. The current potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,after the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act. The maximum seats of 250 members can be filled up at the discretion and requirements of the house of Rajya Sabha.
The Lok Sabha,also known as the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Parliament House,New Delhi.
The Parliament of India or Indian Parliament,is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The President of India,in their role as head of the legislature,has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha,but they can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the Prime Minister and their Union Council of Ministers.
The Government of India is the government of the Republic of India,located in South Asia,consisting of 36 states and union territories. The government is led by the prime minister who exercises the most executive power and selects all the other ministers. The country has been governed by a NDA-led government since 2014. The prime minister and their senior ministers belong to the Union Council of Ministers—its executive decision-making committee being the cabinet.
The 14th Lok Sabha was convened after the 2004 Indian general election held in four phases during 20 April –10 May 2004,which led to the formation of first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.
India has a parliamentary system as defined by its constitution,with power distributed between the union government and the states. India's democracy is the largest democracy in the world.
A member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government. From each constituency,the people elect one representative who then becomes a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). Each state has between seven and nine MLAs for every Member of Parliament (MP) that it has in the Lok Sabha,the lower house of India's bicameral parliament. There are also members in three unicameral legislatures in Union Territories:the Delhi Legislative Assembly,Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can work as a minister for more than 6 months. If a non-Member of the Legislative Assembly becomes a Chief Minister or a minister,he must become an MLA within 6 months to continue in the job. Only a Member of the Legislative Assembly can become the Speaker of the Legislature.
The 13th Lok Sabha is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha. It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.
The 11th Lok Sabha was constituted after April–May 1996 general elections. The result of the election was a hung parliament,which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998. Atal Bihari Vajpayee of Bharatiya Janata Party,the single largest party to win this election,winning 67 more seats than previous 10th Lok Sabha,formed the government which lasted for only 13 days.
Lok Sabha TV was an Indian public cable television network channel that offered coverage of central government proceedings and other public affairs programming. Its remit was to make accessible to all the work of the parliamentary and legislative bodies of India. The channel broadcast live and recorded coverage of the Lok Sabha while Rajya Sabha TV covered the sessions of the Rajya Sabha.
Sudhir Kumar Giri was an Indian politician belonging to the Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was elected to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament from Contai constituency,West Bengal in 1980,1989,1991,1996 and 1998.He was elected to the West Bengal Legislative assembly from Ramnagar,Purba Medinipur in 1987.
Basanta Kumar Das was an Indian Politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the Lower house of Indian Parliament from Contai constituency,West Bengal in 1952 and 1962. He was earlier a member of the Constituent Assembly of India representing West Bengal.
A Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha is the representative of a legislative constituency in the Lok Sabha;the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of parliament of Lok Sabha are chosen by direct elections on the basis of the adult suffrage. The maximum permitted strength of members of parliament in the Lok Sabha is 550. This includes the maximum 530 members to represent the constituencies and states and up to 20 members to represent the union territories. Between 1952 and January 25,2020,two seats were reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian community. The current elected strength of the Lok Sabha is 543. The party—or coalition of parties—having a majority in the Lok Sabha chooses the Prime Minister of India.
A Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha is the representative of the Indian states to one of the two houses of the Parliament of India. Rajya Sabha MPs are elected by the electoral college of the elected members of the State Assembly with a system of proportional representation by a single transferable vote. The Parliament of India is bicameral with two houses;Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. Compared to the Lok Sabha,the Rajya Sabha has fewer members and its members have more restricted power. Unlike the Lok Sabha,the Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and cannot be dissolved at any time. However every second year,one third of the members are retired and the vacancies are filled by fresh elections and Presidential nomination at the beginning of every third year.
Member of Parliament (MP) in India refers to persons who serve in the Parliament of India. These include:
Valmiki Choudhary was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Hajipur in Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress.
Rudrasen Chaudhary was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Mohan Nayak was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.
