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Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies. The theory and practice of direct democracy and participation as its common characteristic was the core of work of many theorists, philosophers, politicians, and social critics, among whom the most important are Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Stuart Mill, and G.D.H. Cole.
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Oral democracy is a talk-based form of government and political system in which citizens of a determined community have the opportunity to deliberate, through direct oral engagement and mass participation, in the civic and political matters of their community. Additionally, oral democracy represents a form of direct democracy, which has the purpose of empowering citizens by creating open spaces that promote an organized process of discussion, debate, and dialogue that aims to reach consensus and to impact policy decision-making. Political institutions based on this idea of direct democracy seek to decrease the possibilities of state capture from elites by holding them accountable, to encourage civic participation and collective action, and to improve the efficiency and adaptability of development interventions and public policy implementation.
References
- ↑ "Karpowitz, Christopher F., 1969-". Library of Congress. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
Princeton University Archives, Dec. 14, 2005 (Karpowitz, Christopher F., b. Jan. 13, 1969)
- ↑ "Christopher F. Karpowitz, Associate Professor, Political Science (profile page)". Brigham Young University. Archived from the original on March 30, 2014. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
- ↑ Hart, Roderick P. (2014), "About the contributors: Christopher F. Karpowitz", in Hart, Roderick P. (ed.), Communication and language analysis in the public sphere, Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global, p. 549, ISBN 9781466650039.
- 1 2 Felts, Nicholas A. (2005). "Review of The Silent Sex: Gender, Deliberation, and Institutions by Christopher F. Karpowitz and Tali Mendelberg (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014)". Journal of Public Deliberation. Deliberative Democracy Consortium. 11 (1): article 10.
- ↑ "21 to attend Boys' State, Girls' State". Lawrence Journal-World . Dolph C. Simons Jr. April 11, 1986. p. 3. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
Six Lawrence High School girls and 15 boys have been selected as alternates and participants in this year's American Legion Boys' and Girls' State. Girls' State will be June 8–15 at Kansas University; Boys' State will be June 1–7 at KU. ... Boys' State delegates are: ... Christopher F. Karpowitz, son of Dennis and Diane Karpowitz, 2224 Marvonne sponsored by Lawrence Rotary Club...
- ↑ "Christopher F. Karpowitz, Associate Professor, Political Science: Biography". Brigham Young University. Archived from the original on June 21, 2015. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
- ↑ Karpowitz, Christopher F. (July 4, 2011). "The opinion pages: Mormons in the mainstream". The New York Times . Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ↑ Karpowitz, Christopher F.; Mendelberg, Tali (July 4, 2011). "Tali Mendelberg and Christopher Karpowitz: Parity means strength for female leaders". The Dallas Morning News . A. H. Belo Corporation . Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ↑ Karpowitz, Christopher F.; Pope, Jeremy (February 10, 2014). "The problems with caucuses and conventions". The Washington Post . Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ↑ Greenblatt, Alan (July 15, 2014). "Two former State Attorneys General arrested in Utah". National Public Radio (NPR) . National Public Radio, Inc. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
The "drumbeat had been building" that the former attorneys general could face serious charges, says Christopher Karpowitz, a political science professor at Brigham Young University. "It's always shocking if the two previous chief law enforcement officers of a state are arrested," Karpowitz says. "When a scandal of this magnitude hits the state, that is both shocking and sad."
- ↑ "Organized Section 28: Best Paper Award: Political Psychology Section Award Recipients". apsanet.org. American Political Science Association (APSA) . Retrieved June 21, 2015.
