| Programme overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1996 |
| Jurisdiction | Somalia |
| Headquarters | Mogadishu, Somalia |
| Parent department | United Nations Development Programme |
The Civil Aviation Caretaker Authority of Somalia (CACAS) is a civil aviation authority programme created in 1996 by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the United Nations Development Programme, with a mandate in Somalia.
Based in Nairobi, the CACAS served as a caretaker for Somalia's airspace since the collapse of the central government in the early 1990s following the outbreak of the civil war. The organization collected over-flight revenues on behalf of the country, re-investing the proceeds into air traffic control and airport maintenance. [1] It had among its objectives the upkeep and operation of services and equipment earmarked for international air transport activities, including local operations within the Mogadishu Flight Information Region and humanitarian flights. [2]
Additionally, CACAS was mandated with forming and operating a nucleus civil aviation administration to oversee its functions, establishing protocols and regulations vis-a-vis the maintenance and operation of civil aviation activities, and devising and implementing a training program geared toward national-level staff. However, these latter tasks were reportedly not completed. It is also uncertain where exactly the estimated $9 to $10 million in annual revenue generated by the airspace management services were invested. [3] SCAA is now directed by Ahmed Moallim Hassan.
In 2002, the newly formed Transitional National Government (TNG) briefly re-assumed control of Somalia's airspace with the re-establishment of the Somali Civil Aviation Authority (SOMCAA) by the Ministry of Air and Land Transport. [4]
With the creation of the TNG's successor the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) in 2004, the reconstituted central government of Somalia resumed formal preparations in 2011 to transfer supervision of the country's airspace from the CACAS to its aviation ministry. [5] After reassuming control of the capital Mogadishu in mid-2011, [6] the TFG also on a contractual basis delegated airport maintenance and operation duties at the Aden Adde International Airport to the Dubai-based SKA Air and Logistics, a private firm specializing in conflict zones. [7]
After meeting with CACAS representatives, Abdullahi Elmoge Hersi, Somalia's Minister of Information, Posts and Telecommunications, announced in May 2013 that the Somali federal government would reassume control of the country's airspace by December 31. In preparation for the transition, staff within Somalia were set to receive training during the rest of the year. Over 100 airspace personnel were also scheduled to be transferred to Mogadishu for management duties. [8]
On 17 December 2014, Minister of Air and Land Transport Said Jama Mohamed announced that the Somali federal government had regained control of its airspace after reaching an agreement with the International Civil Aviation Organization. The minister also indicated that Somalia's airspace would be managed from the capital Mogadishu, and additional professionals would be trained for the purpose. [3] On the 28 December 2017 the Somali government regained control of their airspace for the first time in nearly 27 years after control was passed from ICAO to the Somali Federal Government.
Transport in Somalia refers to the transportation networks and modes of transport in effect in Somalia. They include highways, airports and seaports, in addition to various forms of public and private vehicular, maritime and aerial transportation.
The Somali Armed Forces are the military forces of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Headed by the President as Commander in Chief, they are constitutionally mandated to ensure the nation's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
Mogadishu, locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital city and most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting with traders all round the Indian Ocean for millennia and has an estimated population of 2,388,000 (2021). Mogadishu is located in the coastal Banadir region on the Indian Ocean, which unlike other Somali regions, is considered a municipality rather than a maamul goboleed.
Somali Airlines was the flag carrier of Somalia. Established in 1964, it offered flights to both domestic and international destinations. It operated Boeing 720Bs, Boeing 707-300s and Airbus A310-300s on a network to the Middle East and Europe. The airline discontinued operations after the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, when the country fell into anarchy. A reconstituted Somali government later began preparations in 2012 for an expected relaunch of the carrier, with the first new Somali Airlines aircraft scheduled for delivery by the end of December 2013.
Baidoa is capital in the southwestern Bay region of Somalia. In 2005, the Transitional Federal Government established temporary headquarters in Baidoa before an eventual relocation of government offices to Mogadishu.
The Somali Civil War is an ongoing civil war which is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the military junta which was led by Siad Barre during the 1980s. From 1988 to 1990, the Somali Armed Forces began engaging in combat against various armed rebel groups, including the Somali Salvation Democratic Front in the northeast, the Somali National Movement in the northwest, and the United Somali Congress in the south. The clan-based armed opposition groups overthrew the Barre government in 1991.
Muse Sudi Yalahow was a Trade Minister in the Transitional Government of Ali Mohammed Ghedi. He was dismissed in June 2006 after ignoring government requests to halt fighting with the Islamic Courts Union militia.
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from April 2004 until 20 August 2012, when its tenure officially ended and the Federal Government of Somalia was inaugurated.
Aden Adde International Airport, formerly known as Mogadishu International Airport, is an international airport serving Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia. It is named after Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, the first President of Somalia.
Between the fall of Siad Barre's government in January 1991 and the establishment of the Transitional National Government in 2006, there was no central government in Somalia. Large areas of the country such as Puntland and Galmudug were internationally unrecognized and administered as autonomous regions of Somalia, while forces in the northwest declared the Republic of Somaliland. The remaining areas, including the capital Mogadishu, were divided into smaller territories ruled by competing faction leaders. Somalia has been cited as a real-world example of a stateless society and a country with no formal legal system.
Following the civil war and the ensuing societal chaos, some factions managed to exert a degree of authority over certain regions of Somalia where they maintained broad, clan-based support. This allowed these factions to establish working administrations and eventually coherent states, and restored order to their regions. This occurred first in Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Galmudug, Jubaland and finally Banadir.
The Fall of Mogadishu occurred on December 28, 2006, when the Islamic Courts Union peacefully withdrew from Mogadishu. The army of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian troops entered the Somali capital unopposed. The Ethiopian Invasion of Somalia continued until 2009.
The Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC) was a political movement and paramilitary organization based in southern Somalia. It was founded in 2001 by Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid, son of the late faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid. Growing out of the Somali National Alliance (SNA) led by Aidid, the SRRC was originally formed to oppose the nascent Transitional National Government (TNG) and the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA) in the 2001-2004 period. However, it eventually settled differences with the government and some moderate leaders were incorporated into the new interim administration.
The transitional federal government (TFG) was the government of Somalia between 2004 and 2012. Established 2004 in Djibouti through various international conferences, it was an attempt to restore national institutions to the country after the 1991 collapse of the Siad Barre government and the ensuing Somali Civil War.
Colonel Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud was a Somali politician and faction leader. He served as the chairman of the Rahanweyn Resistance Army (RRA), and subsequently as the first President of the short-lived Southwestern Somalia autonomous regional state. Shatigadud was later a Member of the Transitional Federal Parliament, and was eventually appointed Minister of Finance in the Transitional Federal Government. Shatigadud was succeeded as president by Madobe Nunow.
The Somali Civil Aviation Authority (SCAA) is the national civil aviation authority body of Somalia. Based at the Aden Adde International Airport in the capital Mogadishu, it is under the aegis of the federal Ministry of Air and Land Transport. In 2012, the ministry along with the Somali Civil Aviation Steering Committee set a three-year window for reconstruction of the national civil aviation capacity. After a long period of management by the Civil Aviation Caretaker Authority for Somalia (CACAS), SCAMA in conjunction with the International Civil Aviation Organization also finalized a process in 2014 to transfer control of Somalia airspace to the new Air Space Management Centre in the capital.
Abdullahi Elmoge Hersi is a Somali politician. He served as the Minister of Information, Posts and Telecommunication of Somalia from November 2012 to January 2014.
Said Jama korshel, also known as Said Qorshel, is a Somali politician. He served as the Minister of Air and Land Transport of Somalia from January 2014 to January 2015.
On 9 August 2013, an Antonov An-12 operated by the Ethiopian Air Force crashed while attempting to land at Aden Abdulle International Airport in Mogadishu, Somalia. There were six crew on board, of which four perished and two survived with injuries.
The Political history of Somalia covers the development of the Somali government and institutional systems following the collapse of the Siad Barre regime in 1991.
