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Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health professionals and allied health fields. Medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, midwifery, nursing, optometry, audiology, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, athletic training, and other health professions all constitute health care. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health.
Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it links health sciences with pharmaceutical sciences and natural sciences. The professional practice is becoming more clinically oriented as most of the drugs are now manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. Based on the setting, pharmacy practice is either classified as community or institutional pharmacy. Providing direct patient care in the community of institutional pharmacies is considered clinical pharmacy.
The healthcare industry is an aggregation and integration of sectors within the economic system that provides goods and services to treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, and palliative care. It includes the generation and commercialization of goods and services lending themselves to maintaining and re-establishing health. The modern healthcare industry includes three essential branches which are services, products, and finance, and may be divided into many sectors and categories and depends on the interdisciplinary teams of trained professionals and paraprofessionals to meet the health needs of individuals and populations.
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates other specialist care that the patient may need. Patients commonly receive primary care from professionals such as a primary care physician, a physician assistant, a physical therapist, or a nurse practitioner. In some localities, such a professional may be a registered nurse, a pharmacist, a clinical officer, or an Ayurvedic or other traditional medicine professional. Depending on the nature of the health condition, patients may then be referred for secondary or tertiary care.
The School of Nursing is the graduate school of nursing at Columbia University in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1892, it stands as one of the oldest nursing schools in the United States.
Telenursing refers to the use of information technology in the provision of nursing services whenever physical distance exists between patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses. As a field, it is part of telemedicine, and has many points of contacts with other medical and non-medical applications, such as telediagnosis, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring. The field, however, is still being developed as the information on telenursing isn't comprehensive enough.
A nurse practitioner (NP) is an advanced practice registered nurse and a type of mid-level practitioner. NPs are trained to assess patient needs, order and interpret diagnostic and laboratory tests, diagnose disease, formulate and prescribe medications and treatment plans. NP training covers basic disease prevention, coordination of care, and health promotion, but does not provide the depth of expertise needed to recognize more complex conditions.
NHS Scotland, sometimes styled NHSScotland, is the publicly funded healthcare system in Scotland and one of the four systems that make up the National Health Service in the United Kingdom. It operates 14 territorial NHS boards across Scotland, supported by seven special non-geographic health boards, and Public Health Scotland.
Patient safety is a discipline that emphasizes safety in health care through the prevention, reduction, reporting and analysis of error and other types of unnecessary harm that often lead to adverse patient events. The frequency and magnitude of avoidable adverse events, often known as patient safety incidents, experienced by patients was not well known until the 1990s, when multiple countries reported significant numbers of patients harmed and killed by medical errors. Recognizing that healthcare errors impact 1 in every 10 patients around the world, the World Health Organization (WHO) calls patient safety an endemic concern. Indeed, patient safety has emerged as a distinct healthcare discipline supported by an immature yet developing scientific framework. There is a significant transdisciplinary body of theoretical and research literature that informs the science of patient safety with mobile health apps being a growing area of research.
A Patient Safety Organization (PSO) is a group, institution, or association that improves medical care by reducing medical errors. Common functions of patient safety organizations are data collection and analysis, reporting, education, funding, and advocacy. A PSO differs from a Federally designed Patient Safety Organization (PSO), which provides health care providers in the U.S. privilege and confidentiality protections for efforts to improve patient safety and the quality of patient care delivery
Patient advocacy is a process in health care concerned with advocacy for patients, survivors, and caregivers. The patient advocate may be an individual or an organization, concerned with healthcare standards or with one specific group of disorders. The terms patient advocate and patient advocacy can refer both to individual advocates providing services that organizations also provide, and to organizations whose functions extend to individual patients. Some patient advocates are independent and some work for the organizations that are directly responsible for the patient's care.
Pharmaceutical policy is a branch of health policy that deals with the development, provision and use of medications within a health care system. It embraces drugs, biologics, vaccines and natural health products.
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy in which clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often work in collaboration with physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and other healthcare professionals. Clinical pharmacists can enter into a formal collaborative practice agreement with another healthcare provider, generally one or more physicians, that allows pharmacists to prescribe medications and order laboratory tests.
Greater Baltimore Medical Center (GBMC) is a U.S. hospital located in the Baltimore suburb of Towson, Maryland. It was opened in 1965. GBMC serves more than 20,455 inpatient cases and approximately 52,000 emergency department visits annually. GBMC's main campus includes three medical office buildings—Physicians Pavilion East, Physicians Pavilion West and Physicians Pavilion North I. In addition to its main campus located in Towson, GBMC has several facilities located throughout the community including Hereford, Hunt Manor, Hunt Valley, Owings Mills, Perry Hall, Lutherville, Phoenix and Timonium.
Health administration, healthcare administration, healthcare management or hospital management is the field relating to leadership, management, and administration of public health systems, health care systems, hospitals, and hospital networks in all the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
A pediatric intensive care unit, usually abbreviated to PICU, is an area within a hospital specializing in the care of critically ill infants, children, teenagers, and young adults aged 0-21. A PICU is typically directed by one or more pediatric intensivists or PICU consultants and staffed by doctors, nurses, and respiratory therapists who are specially trained and experienced in pediatric intensive care. The unit may also have nurse practitioners, physician assistants, physiotherapists, social workers, child life specialists, and clerks on staff, although this varies widely depending on geographic location. The ratio of professionals to patients is generally higher than in other areas of the hospital, reflecting the acuity of PICU patients and the risk of life-threatening complications. Complex technology and equipment is often in use, particularly mechanical ventilators and patient monitoring systems. Consequently, PICUs have a larger operating budget than many other departments within the hospital.
Medical image sharing is the electronic exchange of medical images between hospitals, physicians and patients. Rather than using traditional media, such as a CD or DVD, and either shipping it out or having patients carry it with them, technology now allows for the sharing of these images using the cloud. The primary format for images is DICOM. Typically, non-image data such as reports may be attached in standard formats like PDF during the sending process. Additionally, there are standards in the industry, such as IHE Cross Enterprise Document Sharing for Imaging (XDS-I), for managing the sharing of documents between healthcare enterprises. A typical architecture involved in setup is a locally installed server, which sits behind the firewall, allowing secure transmissions with outside facilities. In 2009, the Radiological Society of North America launched the "Image Share" project, with the goal of giving patients control of their imaging histories by allowing them to manage these records as they would online banking or shopping.
HealthShare Exchange (HSX) is a membership-dues-supported nonprofit health information exchange formed in 2009 and incorporated in 2012 by Greater Philadelphia's hospitals, health systems, and healthcare insurers.[1][2] It links the electronic medical record (EMR) systems of different hospital health systems and other healthcare providers — and the claims data of healthcare insurers — to make this information accessible at inpatient and outpatient points of care (including medical practice offices) and for care management. HSX services provide recent clinical care information, and alert providers and health plans to care events.[2] Health information exchange makes patient care more informed and coordinated, and reduces unnecessary care and readmissions. HSX serves the greater Delaware Valley region, including southeastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey.[2]
Sophia Genetics is a data-driven medicine software company with headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland and Boston, Massachusetts. It provides genomic and radiomic analysis for hospitals, laboratories, and biopharma institutions. The company was ranked among the 50 smartest companies by the MIT Technology Review in 2017. The company went public on the Nasdaq in 2021, floating at $1.1B.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted hospitals around the world. Many hospitals have scaled back or postponed non-emergency care. This has medical consequences for the people served by the hospitals, and it has financial consequences for the hospitals. Health and social systems across the globe are struggling to cope. The situation is especially challenging in humanitarian, fragile and low-income country contexts, where health and social systems are already weak. Health facilities in many places are closing or limiting services. Services to provide sexual and reproductive health care risk being sidelined, which will lead to higher maternal mortality and morbidity. The pandemic also resulted in the imposition of COVID-19 vaccine mandates in places such as California and New York for all public workers, including hospital staff.
References
- 1 2 "Is This the Best Alternative to Health Care M&A?". April 3, 2020.
- ↑ Thomas Koloski (October 23, 2020). "CHOP Hub For Clinical Collaboration Arrives on the Skyline in University City, West Philadelphia".
The building has an anticipated completion date of 2023.
- ↑ "Creating a Culture of Collaboration to Elevate Infection Prevention and Microbial Stewardship". June 1, 2017.
- ↑ M. Bruun-Rasmussen (2003). "Collaboration: a new IT-service". International Journal of Medical Informatics. MIE 2002 Special Issue. 70 (2): 205–214. doi:10.1016/S1386-5056(03)00037-6. PMID 12909171.
clinical collaboration is associated with the shared clinical context to provide a record of ..
- 1 2 Jennifer Henderson; Shuan Sim (December 10, 2020). "Maimonides, Community Hospital ink deal for affiliation deal". Crain's New York Business .
- ↑ "Ascom clinical services collaboration each step of the way" (PDF).
Our clinical collaboration is essential to risk mitigation during the implementation of
- ↑ "RefleXion Combination Therapy: Crossing the Divide". June 24, 2020.
The goal of RefleXion and Merck & Co's clinical collaboration is to establish whether treating multiple tumors with BgRT is safe
- ↑ L. Melby (2014). "Patients in Transition: E-Messages as a Tool for Collaboration". computer.org (IEEE Computer Society).
- ↑ "Incyte Corporation Profile" (PDF). Reuters.
- ↑ "How to Deliver the Right Care, Support Physicians" (PDF).
(CMS) and the federal antitrust enforcement agencies have relaxed regulations and streamlined oversight to promote procompetitive clinical collaboration
- ↑ John George (October 14, 2019). "Penn Medicine, Mercy Health to establish heart surgery program in Delaware County". BizJournals.com (Philadelphia).
Penn Medicine, Virtua renew clinical collaboration for another three years
- ↑ "Island's Hospitals: Corporate vs. Community". The New York Times . April 8, 2001.
- ↑ "The View From: White Plains; A Partnership". The New York Times . November 28, 1993.
This is our first clinical affiliation with
- ↑ "Report to" (PDF). December 5, 2017.
We have now formed a non-clinical collaboration with Wiltshire Council
- ↑ "Employee Profile Bridget Gunn". BayStateHealth.org. April 18, 2017.
the Non-Clinical Collaboration Award
- 1 2 "Exelixis Enters into a Clinical Collaboration for Three Phase 3 Combination Trials for Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors" (Press release). December 19, 2019.
- ↑ "SWTX Company Profile & Executives". Wall Street Journal (WSJ).
- ↑ "BRIEF-Neoimmunetech Announces Clinical Collaboration". Reuters. April 9, 2020.
- ↑ "Kitov Pharma Issues CEO Shareholder Letter". The New York Times .
- ↑ "How to Tame an Octopus: Managing the Proliferation of Clinical Collaborations". October 15, 2018.
- 1 2 "Healthcare Industry Trends".
- ↑ "What Tech is Needed for Effective Clinical Collaboration Systems?". January 7, 2020.
- ↑ Bill Siwicki (March 27, 2018). "Cancer center taps clinical collaboration tech to connect caregivers - including competitors".
- ↑ "Solving IT Challenges for Rural Healthcare".
- ↑ Daniel Bonilla; James J. Silk (2013). "From Empire to Empathy? Clinical Collaborations Between the Global North and the Global South". Yale Law School .
neo-colonialism that shapes interactions between
- ↑ "North Texas Burn Rehabilitation Model System".
who work together seamlessly
- ↑ Mousa Mahdizadeh; Abbas Heydari; Hossein Karimi Moonaghi (June 25, 2017). "Exploration of the process of interprofessional collaboration among nurses and physicians in Iran". Electronic Physician. 9 (6): 4616–4624. doi:10.19082/4616. PMC 5557143 . PMID 28848638.
- ↑ "Collaboration Starts with the Executive Team". June 19, 2018.
to help provide better patient care
- ↑ "An Alternative to Health Care M&A". Harvard Business Review (HBR). December 22, 2014.
- ↑ Jen Jackson (December 15, 2017). "Hospital affiliation invite at issue". Watertown Daily Times .