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Grace Brewster Hopper was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and United States Navy rear admiral. One of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer, she was a pioneer of computer programming who invented one of the first linkers. Hopper was the first to devise the theory of machine-independent programming languages, and the FLOW-MATIC programming language she created using this theory was later extended to create COBOL, an early high-level programming language still in use today.
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D, also known as dlang, is a multi-paradigm system programming language created by Walter Bright at Digital Mars and released in 2001. Andrei Alexandrescu joined the design and development effort in 2007. Though it originated as a re-engineering of C++, D is a profoundly different language —features of D can be considered streamlined and expanded-upon ideas from C++, however D also draws inspiration from other high-level programming languages, notably Java, Python, Ruby, C#, and Eiffel.
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Nim is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm, statically typed, compiled high-level systems programming language, designed and developed by a team around Andreas Rumpf. Nim is designed to be "efficient, expressive, and elegant", supporting metaprogramming, functional, message passing, procedural, and object-oriented programming styles by providing several features such as compile time code generation, algebraic data types, a foreign function interface (FFI) with C, C++, Objective-C, and JavaScript, and supporting compiling to those same languages as intermediate representations.
The Recurse Center is an independent educational institution, that, until the COVID-19 pandemic, combined a retreat for computer programmers with a recruiting agency. The retreat is an intentional community, a self-directed academic environment for programmers of all levels to improve their skills in, without charge. There is no curriculum and no particular programming languages or paradigms are institutionally favored; instead, participants work on open-source projects of their own choice, alone or collaboratively, as they see best. The Center has been an active advocate for women in programming. Since 2020 all programs have been conducted online.
Microsoft, a technology company historically known for its opposition to the open source software paradigm, turned to embrace the approach in the 2010s. From the 1970s through 2000s under CEOs Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, Microsoft viewed the community creation and sharing of communal code, later to be known as free and open source software, as a threat to its business, and both executives spoke negatively against it. In the 2010s, as the industry turned towards cloud, embedded, and mobile computing—technologies powered by open source advances—CEO Satya Nadella led Microsoft towards open source adoption although Microsoft's traditional Windows business continued to grow throughout this period generating revenues of 26.8 billion in the third quarter of 2018, while Microsoft's Azure cloud revenues nearly doubled.
References
- 1 2 Rachel Vincent (December 5, 2014). "Introducing Code Words". Blog. Recurse Center. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ Mary Rose Cook (March 2015). "Git from the inside out". Code Words. Recurse Center. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ Aditya Mukerjee (June 2015). "Unpacking Git packfiles". Code Words. Recurse Center. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ Darius Bacon (September 2015). "The language of choice". Code Words. Recurse Center. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ Joel Burget (June 2015). "The algebra (and calculus!) of algebraic data types". Code Words. Recurse Center. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
- ↑ Nathan Epstein (October 2016). "A tour of random forests". Code Words. Recurse Center. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
