The Cohors IV Tungrorum mill eq was an Auxiliary cohort of the Roman Army based in Abusina during the second century. It had a strength of 1040 soldiers.
It was named for Civitas Tungrorum and by the rule of Antoninus Pius was stationed in Mauretania Tingitana where it is attested from an inscription of about 140 AD. [1] The regiment having twice the soldiers of a standard quingenaria unit, and were mainly Raetians [2] [3] from Tungri. There was also a veteran unit.
Inscription evidence tells us under Domitian the unit was also in Noricum and then later in Raetia, possibly at Faimingen. [4]
Legio XII Fulminata, also known as Paterna, Victrix, Antiqua, Certa Constans, and Galliena, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, and the legion accompanied him during the Gallic Wars until 49 BC. The unit was still guarding the Euphrates River crossing near Melitene at the beginning of the 5th century.
Legio III Italica was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 165 by the emperor Marcus Aurelius, for his campaign against the Marcomanni tribe. The cognomen Italica suggests that the legion's original recruits were mainly drawn from Italy. The legion was still active in Raetia and other provinces in the early 5th century.
A Roman military diploma was a document inscribed in bronze certifying that the holder was honourably discharged from the Roman armed forces and/or had received the grant of Roman citizenship from the emperor as reward for service.
The Condrusi were one of the peoples described by Julius Caesar as Germani Cisrhenani. They survived the Roman invasion and lived in what is now eastern Belgium, during the Roman period.
The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian and Sasanian forces under Shahanshah Shapur I in 260. The Roman army was defeated and captured in its entirety by the Persian forces; for the first time, a Roman emperor was taken prisoner. As such, the battle is generally viewed as one of the worst disasters in military history.
The Auxilia were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman army from 30 BC. By the 2nd century, the Auxilia contained the same number of infantry as the legions and, in addition, provided almost all of the Roman army's cavalry and more specialised troops. The auxilia thus represented three-fifths of Rome's regular land forces at that time. Like their legionary counterparts, auxiliary recruits were mostly volunteers, not conscripts.
Marcus Vitorius Marcellus or Vitorius Marcellus was a Roman senator who lived in the 1st century and 2nd century. He was a friend of Quintilian and the poet Statius. Marcellus was suffect consul for the nundinium of September to December 105 with Gaius Caecilius Strabo as his colleague.
The overall size of the Roman forces in Roman Britain grew from about 40,000 in the mid 1st century AD to a maximum of about 55,000 in the mid 2nd century. the proportion of auxiliaries in Britain grew from about 50% before 69 AD to over 70% in c. 150 AD. By the mid-2nd century, there were about 70 auxiliary regiments in Britain, for a total of over 40,000 men. These outnumbered the 16,500 legionaries in Britain by 2.5 to 1. This was the greatest concentration of auxilia in any single province of the Roman Empire. It implies major continuing security problems; this is supported by the (thin) historical evidence. After Agricola, the following Emperors conducted major military operations in Britain: Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Constantius I and Septimius Severus.
The Raeti were a confederation of Alpine tribes, whose language and culture may have been related to those of Etruscans. From not later than ca. 500 BC, they inhabited the central parts of present-day Switzerland, Tyrol in Austria, the Alpine regions of northeastern Italy and Germany south of the Danube.
Lucius Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus was a Roman senator and aristocrat of the 3rd century. He served as ordinary consul in 231 with Titus Flavius Sallustius Paelignianus as his colleague. His full name, previously known as Claudius Pompeianus, was only known after the discovery of a military diploma.
Cohors prima Flavia Canathenorum [sagittaria] [milliaria] was a Roman auxiliary cohort of infantry.
The Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum was a Roman auxilia unit.
The Cohors II Asturum et Callaecorum [equitata] was a Roman auxiliary unit. It is known from military diplomats and brickwork.
Lucius Varius Ambibulus, was a Roman senator of the 2nd century AD who occupied a number of offices in the imperial service, as well as serving as suffect consul in either 132 or 133.
Marcus Nonius Mucianus was a Roman senator who was active in the second century. He was suffect consul in the nundinium of October-December 138 as the colleague of Publius Cassius Secundus.
Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus was a Roman senator and general who held a series of offices in the emperor's service. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of July-August 145 as the colleague of Quintus Mustius Priscus. Laelianus is primarily known through inscriptions.
Margaret Roxan (1924–2003) was a British archaeologist and expert on Roman military diplomas. Her major contribution to the discipline was three edited collections of newly-found diplomas that acquired a scholarly authority and place as the direct successor of Theodor Mommsen and Herbert Nesselhauf. She also edited the diplomas for publication in The Roman Inscriptions of Britain.
Marcus Antonius Hiberus was a Roman senator, who was active during the reign of Hadrian. He was consul ordinarius for the year 133 with Publius Mummius Sisenna as his colleague. He is known entirely from inscriptions.
Lucius Cornelius Latinianus was a Roman senator, who held at least two imperial appointments during the reign of Hadrian. Latinianus was suffect consul in an undetermined nundinium between the years 121 and 123; Werner Eck and Peter Weiß suggest his tenure may have fallen in July-August 121. He is known entirely from inscriptions.
The Cohors II Lucensium [equitata] was a Roman auxiliary unit. It is attested by military diplomas and inscriptions.