The Colombian Liberal Party is a centre to centre-left political party in Colombia. It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition,joining the Socialist International in 1999.
Julio César Turbay Ayala was a Colombian lawyer and politician who served as the 25th President of Colombia from 1978 to 1982. He also held the positions of Foreign Minister and Ambassador to the United States.
Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz was a Colombian politician,lawyer and diplomat who served as the 21st President of Colombia from 1962 to 1966.
The Colombian Conservative Party is a conservative political party in Colombia. The party was formally established in 1849 by Mariano Ospina Rodríguez and JoséEusebio Caro.
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla was a Colombian army general,civil engineer and politician who ruled as 19th President of Colombia in a military dictatorship from June 1953 to May 1957.
Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro was a Colombian politician and civil engineer who served as the 18th President of Colombia from 1950 to 1953. In November 1951 poor health led him to cede presidential power to Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez. On 13 June 1953,when he tried to resume his presidency,he was overthrown in a military coup led by Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. During the three decades prior to being elected president,Gómez was a radical leader of the Conservative Party and is widely considered to be one of the most brilliant and potent orators of the Congress of Colombia. However,he remains a controversial figure because of his sympathy for authoritarian regimes and the dictatorial nature of his government.
La Violencia was a ten-year civil war in Colombia from 1948 to 1958,between the Colombian Conservative Party and the Colombian Liberal Party,fought mainly in the countryside.
Colombian Conservatism is a system of conservative political beliefs in Colombia that is characterized by protectionism,support of Catholic values,social stability and anti-totalitarianism. Its history began with the creation of two conservative political parties in Colombia. One characteristic of the Colombian Conservatism,in contrast to many other geographic subsets of conservatism,is its strong emphasis on protectionism,which is considered by many Colombian conservatives to be necessary to create a fair market.
Crisanto Luque Sánchez was a Colombian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Bogotáfrom 1950 to 1959,and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1953 by Pope Pius XII.
National Front was a period in the history of Colombia in which the two main political parties,the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party,agreed to rotate power,intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. The National Front Presidents were Alberto Lleras Camargo (Liberal),Guillermo León Valencia (Conservative),Carlos Lleras Restrepo (Liberal),and Misael Pastrana Borrero (Conservative).
Gabriel París Gordillo was a Colombian military officer and political leader who ruled the country as the chairman of a military junta from May 1957 to August 1958,following the resignation of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. París oversaw the regime's transition to electoral democracy after four years of military dictatorship,and turned over power to Alberto Lleras Camargo of the National Front.
Jaime Alfonso Bateman Cayón,also known as "El flaco" or Comandante Pablo by his fellow guerrilleros,was a Colombian guerrilla leader and both founder and commander of the 19th of April guerrilla movement.
The Colombian Constitution of 1886 was the constitution that remade the United States of Colombia into the Republic of Colombia,and replaced the federal republic with a unitary state. Following the Civil War of 1884,a coalition of moderate Liberals and Conservatives,led by Rafael Nuñez,ended the political period known as "the Radical Olympus",repealed the Constitution of Rionegro (1863),and substituted it with the constitution of 1886. From then on,the country was officially known as the Republic of Colombia. The Constitution of 1886 was the longest lasting constitution in the history of Colombia,eventually being itself replaced by the Constitution of 1991.
Trade unions in Colombia were,until around 1990,among the strongest in Latin America. However the 1980s expansion of paramilitarism in Colombia saw trade union leaders and members increasingly targeted for assassination. As a result,Colombia has been the most dangerous country in the world for trade unionists for several decades. Between 1986 and 2010 over 2800 labor leaders were killed according to one source,and over 4000 according to others. Most assassinations were carried out by paramilitaries or the Colombian military;some were carried out by the guerrillas. In 2009 only around 4% of workers in Colombia were unionized.
Josefina Valencia Muñoz was a Colombian politician,and the first woman to be appointed governor of a Colombian department as Governor of Cauca,and the first woman to be appointed to a cabinet-level position as the 46th Minister of National Education of Colombia.
Maria Esmeralda Arboleda Cadavid was a Colombian politician,suffragist and the first woman elected to the Senate of Colombia,serving from 1958 to 1961.
The National Popular Alliance or ANAPO was a political party in Colombia. It was founded in 1961 as a movement by the ex-president Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and was disbanded in 1998. Many ANAPO leaders and militants joined the Independent Democratic Pole coalition.
Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 6 May 1962. Under the National Front agreement,it was the turn of the Conservative Party to govern. The result was a victory for Guillermo León Valencia
General elections were held in Colombia on 19 April 1970 to elect the President,the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives. It was the first time all three institutions had been elected on the same day,and was also the last election under the National Front agreement,which had restricted electoral participation to the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party,with each party allocated 50% of the seats in both houses,whilst the Presidency alternated between the two parties. As a result,the main contest in parliamentary elections was between factions within each party,whilst only Conservative candidates ran for the presidency. The result was a victory for Misael Pastrana Borrero,who received 40.7% of the vote. However,supporters of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla claimed that the election had been rigged in favour of Pastrana. Rojas had also been supported by the Christian Social Democratic Party. The 19th of April Movement guerrillas traced their origins to this alleged fraud.
General elections were held in Colombia on 21 April 1974 to elect the President,Senate and Chamber of Representatives. They were the first elections after the end of the National Front agreement,which had restricted electoral participation to the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party,with each party allocated 50% of the seats in both houses,whilst the Presidency alternated between the two parties.
