Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium. It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years. The energy that the plants originally obtained from the sun is stored in the form of chemical bonds in the gas.
The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range located in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch 3,000 km (1,900 mi) in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Located within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, and the Sierra Nevada, which all lie farther to the west.
The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by New Mexico to the West and Oklahoma to the North and East. The Handbook of Texas defines the southern border of Swisher County as the southern boundary of the Texas Panhandle region.
In 1927, three companies with the natural gas leases, the market and the money combined with the know-how, came together to form the Canadian River Gas Company, which produced the gas from the Panhandle Gas Field and piped it to Clayton, New Mexico, where Colorado Interstate Gas Company purchased it and transported it to Denver.[1] CIG began service on 1 June 1928 and gas first reached Pueblo, Colorado, on 19 June, and Denver on 22 June on a route established by John Paul (Mr. Mac) McClintock.[2]
Clayton is a town and county seat of Union County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,980. Clayton is a crossroads for tourists heading from Texas to Colorado, and Kansas / Oklahoma / Texas to Taos, New Mexico.
Pueblo is a home rule municipality that is the county seat and the most populous city of Pueblo County, Colorado, United States. The population was 106,595 in 2010 census, making it the 267th most populous city in the United States and the 9th largest in Colorado. Pueblo is the heart of the Pueblo Metropolitan Statistical Area, totaling over 160,000 people and an important part of the Front Range Urban Corridor. As of 2014, Pueblo is the primary city of the Pueblo–Cañon City combined statistical area (CSA) totaling approximately 208,000 people, making it the 134th largest in the nation.
In 1928, CIG has 428 miles of pipeline and 105 employees.[3]
CIG Dresser coupling
The original pipeline was 20-22 inches in diameter, five hundred miles long, trenched by ditching machines but some portions dug by hand, linked by Dresser coupling rather than welded, and limited to 50 psi.[4] The Bivins Compressor Station, using three Worthington Corporation compressors of 1000 HP each, was the first soon followed by Clayton and Devine and the introduction of electric welding.[5]
Masterson is an unincorporated community in southern Moore County, Texas, United States of the Texas Panhandle. It lies along the concurrent U.S. Routes 87 and 287, south of the city of Dumas, the county seat of Moore County. Its elevation is 3,704 feet (1,129 m). Although Masterson is unincorporated, it has a post office, with a ZIP code of 79058.
The Worthington Corporation was a diversified American manufacturer that had its roots in Worthington and Baker, a steam pump manufacturer founded in 1845. In 1967 it was merged with Studebaker and Wagner Electric to form Studebaker-Worthington. This company was in turn acquired by McGraw-Edison in 1979.
Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by using high heat to melt the parts together and allowing them to cool causing fusion. Welding is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.
In 1938, CIG has 633 miles of pipeline and 145 employees.[6]
CIG Bivins Federal Credit Union Directors in 1957, left to right, John Crews, Ray Storseth, Dick Scanlan, Dee McPherson, and Herman Jackson
Corporate headquarters were in Colorado Springs and the company introduced a group life insurance program and a death benefit plan in the early 1930s, followed by a retirement income plan in 1939, a medical plan in 1940,[7] and a credit union[8] The Cimarron Station came on line in 1941, followed by the Apishipa Station in 1943.[9] The McClintock Station was operational in 1944 followed by the East Denver and Lakin Stations in 1947, the latter connecting Denver to the Hugoton Gas Field.[10] The company was using shortwave radio communication and airplane pipeline patrols by 1948.[11] The Kit Carson Station was online by the end of the decade.[12]
Hugoton Gas Field is a large natural gas field in the U.S. states of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Its name is derived from the town of Hugoton, Kansas, near which the Hugoton Field was first discovered.
In 1951, The Canadian River Gas Company merged with CIG, and the Fourway Station came online in 1952.[13] The Springfield, Keyes, Sanford and Morton Compressor Stations came online in 1953.[14] In 1957, the Mocane and Laverne stations came online.[15]
In 1958, CIG has 3470 miles of pipeline and 951 employees.[16]
In 1960, the company opened the Rawlins Compressor Station and introduced an employee Thrift Plan.[17]
CIG changes its name to CIC to reflect its four major businesses, Pipeline, Chemical (Wycon), Petroleum and Manufacturing (Marsh acquired in 1956, Metal Forge and DeZunk acquired in the early 70's).[18]
CIG started using Bell 47 helicopters in 1953 for chart readers access to and from the gas wells
CIG Bivins Station Hotel
Three CIG Worthington Compressors, 1000 HP each
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The SEA Gas pipeline(South East Australia Gas pipeline) is a 687 km natural gas pipeline from the Iona Gas Plant near Port Campbell in Victoria to the Pelican Point Power Station at Port Adelaide. It connects Adelaide's gas supply to sources from Victoria's Otway Basin, thus increasing the security of natural gas supply to Adelaide. The pipeline is owned and operated by South East Australia Gas Pty Ltd who are owned in a 50-50 partnership by APA Group (Australia) and the Retail Employees Superannuation Trust.
Southern Star Central Gas Pipeline, Inc, headquartered in Owensboro, Kentucky, is a natural gas transmission system spanning approximately 6,000 miles (9,700 km) in the Midwest and Mid-continent regions of the United States. Southern Star's employees and its pipeline system and facilities are located throughout Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Wyoming, Colorado, Texas, Nebraska, and Kentucky. It serves major markets such as St. Louis, Wichita, and Kansas City. Southern Star is a locally managed, private company owned by Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and Ullico, Inc. The company is more commonly referred to as Southern Star. The company's FERC code is 43.
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