Poland has a rich selection of Gold and Silver commemorative coins. In the year 1999 coins were launched in the series: "Polish Travelers and Explorers", "Animals of the World", "Polish kings and princes", "Castles and palaces of Poland" and various occasional coins.
| Polish Travelers and Explorers: Centenary of the death of Ernest Malinowski (1818–1899) [1] | |||
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| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 18,000 pcs [1] [2] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 23 February 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 250 zł [2] |
Obverse: A stylised globe with the outline of North and South America showing the location of Peru. On the right an image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. A semicircular inscription above: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA. Below, between two parallel lines, the legend: 10 ZŁ. Under it, the date of issue: 1999. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: The bust of Ernest Malinowski. In the background a stylised image of a train, bridges and a mountain ravine. Above it, against the background of stylised mountains and bridges, an inscription: 4818 m n.p.m. A semicircular inscription below: 1818-1899/ERNEST MALINOWSKI. On the side an inscription: 100-LECIE SMIERCI repeated twice and separated by stars. | |||
| 150th anniversary of Juliusz Słowacki's death (gold) [4] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 200 | Alloy: Au 900/1000 (Gold) | Quantity: 1,900 pcs [2] [4] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 24 March 1999 [3] | Diameter:27.00 mm (1.06 in) | Weight:15.50 g (0.55 oz; 0.50 ozt) | Market value: 5000 zł [2] |
Obverse: In the center, an image of the eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On the left side of the emblem, a semicircular inscription: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA. On the right bottom side, a stylized feather, and a semicircular legend: 200 ZŁ 1999. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: Left profile of Juliusz Słowacki. A semicircular inscription: JULIUSZ / SŁOWACKI / 1809-1849. On the side an inscription: 150 ROCZNICA ŚMIERCI repeated twice and separated with stars. | |||
| 150th anniversary of Juliusz Słowacki's death [5] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 19,000 pcs [5] / 18,000 pcs [2] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 24 March 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 250 zł [2] |
Obverse: On the right top side, an image of the eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On the left side of the emblem on a stylized sash, an inscription: 150 ROCZNICA SMIERCI / JULIUSZA SŁOWACKIEGO. On the rim the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA 10 ZŁ. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: The bust of Juliusz Słowacki. A circular inscription: CHODZI MI O TO, ABY JĘZYK GIĘTKI / POWIEDZIAŁ WSZYSTKO, CO POMYŚLI GŁOWA. | |||
| The Animals of the World: Wolf [6] | |||
| Obverse designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska, Reverse designer: Roussanka Nowakowska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 20 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 21,000 pcs [2] [6] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 14 April 1999 [3] | Diameter:38.61 mm (1.52 in) | Weight:28.28 g (1.00 oz; 0.91 ozt) | Market value: 800 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. Below, year of the issue: 1999 and the inscription: ZŁ 20 ZŁ. On both sides of the Eagle's talons, an image of the state flag. A semicircular inscription above: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA. Under the left talon of the Eagle, the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: Images of adult wolves and five pups. A semicircular inscription above: WILK - Canis lupus. | |||
| Polish Kings and Princes: Zygmunt II August (1548–1572) [7] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 100 | Alloy: Au 900/1000 (Gold) | Quantity: 2,000 pcs [2] [7] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 14 April 1999 [3] | Diameter:21.00 mm (0.83 in) | Weight:8.00 g (0.28 oz; 0.26 ozt) | Market value: 4500 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On both sides of the Eagle, the date of issue: 19-99. Under the Eagle, the legend: ZŁ 100 ZŁ. On the rim, the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA preceded and finished with five pearls. Under the left talon of the Eagle, the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: The bust of Zygmunt II August in profile. At the background, a fragment of an arras with the King's monogram: letters SA finished with a crown. A semicircular inscription above standing for the King's reign: 1548-1572, and below an inscription: ZYGMUNT II AUGUST. | |||
| John Paul II, the Pilgrim (gold) [8] | |||
| Coin designer: Robert Kotowicz | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 100 | Alloy: Au 900/1000 (Gold) | Quantity: 7,000 pcs [2] [8] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 26 May 1999 [3] | Diameter:21.00 mm (0.83 in) | Weight:8.00 g (0.28 oz; 0.26 ozt) | Market value: 3500 zł [2] |
Obverse: In the middle, an image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. Below, an inscription: 100 ZŁ. Above, a stylised spike of corn; to the right of the spike, the year of issue: 1999. On the rim the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint's mark: m/w. Reverse: John Paul's II bust at the background of a stylised crosier. On the left side, an inscription: Jan / Paweł II / Papież. Below an inscription: Pielgrzym. | |||
| John Paul II, the Pilgrim (silver) [9] | |||
| Coin designer: Robert Kotowicz | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 70,000 pcs [2] [9] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 26 May 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 200 zł [2] |
Obverse: In the middle, a stylised cross. In the top, on the left side, a cross and the letter "M". In the bottom, on the right side, an image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. Below, the year of issue: 1999. A semicircular inscription below: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint's mark: m/w. Reverse: John Paul's II bust. On the left side, a stylised cross. In the top, to the left of the cross, a stylised pigeon, and below an inscription: Jan / Paweł II / Papież / Pielgrzym. | |||
| Poland's accession to NATO [10] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 25,000 pcs [10] / 22,000 pcs [2] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 23 June 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 150 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland at the background of a chessboard. On the rim the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA 10 ZŁ 1999. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: On the right side, a helicopter and figures of two soldiers on ropes. On the left side, an image of the globe with a stylized geographic network. Above, a semicircular inscription: WSTĄPIENIE POLSKI, below, on the left side, an inscription: DO NATO at the background of the globe. | |||
| The 150th anniversary of Fryderyk Chopin's death (gold) [11] | |||
| Coin designer: Roussanka Nowakowska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 200 | Alloy: Au 900/1000 (Gold) | Quantity: 2,200 pcs [2] [11] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 15 September 1999 [3] | Diameter:27.00 mm (1.06 in) | Weight:15.50 g (0.55 oz; 0.50 ozt) | Market value: 5000 zł [2] |
Obverse: In the middle, an image of the eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland against the background of a stylized music transforming in a sash. On the left side, below the music, the year of issue: 1999. On the top, a semicircular legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA, and at the bottom an inscription: 200 / ZŁOTYCH. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: A profile of Fryderyk Chopin against the background of a stylized printed music. On the top, the semicircular legend: FRYDERYK CHOPIN. Below the portrait, a semicircular inscription: 150. ROCZNICA ŚMIERCI (150th anniversary of death). | |||
| The 150th anniversary of Fryderyk Chopin's death (silver) [12] | |||
| Coin designer: Roussanka Nowakowska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 27,000 pcs [12] / 18,000 pcs [2] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 15 September 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 200 zł [2] |
Obverse: In the middle, an image of the eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. Below, stylized stave and willows. On the left side, the year of issue: 1999. At the top, a semicircular inscription: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA, and at the bottom, an inscription: 10 / ZŁOTYCH. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: Right profile of Fryderyk Chopin against the background of stylized piano and willows. At the top, the semicircular legend: FRYDERYK CHOPIN. Below the portrait, a semicircular inscription: 150. ROCZNICA ŚMIERCI (150th anniversary of death). | |||
| The 600th anniversary of the Cracow Academy resumption [13] | |||
| Obverse designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska Reverse designer: Andrzej Nowakowski | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 22,000 pcs [13] / 27,000 pcs [2] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 15 September 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 200 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On both sides of the Eagle, the year of issue: 19-99; under the Eagle, the legend: ZŁ 10 ZŁ. On the rim the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA preceded and finished with five pearls. Under the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w Reverse: A half-figure of the Queen Jadwiga against the background of a stylized yard of Collegium Maius. On the left side below the arcades, crossed scepters in the shield. At the top, a semicircular inscription: 600-lecie ODNOWIENIA AKADEMII KRAKOWSKIEJ (600th anniversary of the Cracow Academy resumption). On the side an inscription: 1400-2000 repeated five times. | |||
| The 500th anniversary of birth of Jan Łaski [14] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 20,000 pcs [2] [14] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 15 September 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 180 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland against the background of a stylized wall of a temple. Above, a semicircular inscription: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA 1999 10 ZŁ. Below the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: Torso of Jan Łaski against the background of a stylized arcade. Above, on the right, torso of writing Erasmus of Rotterdam. In the bottom, a semicircular inscription: JAN ŁASKI - REFORMATOR KOŚCIOŁA (Joannes a Lasco - Church's Reforme); above, on the right a date: 1499-1560. On the side an inscription: 500-LECIE URODZIN, repeated and separated with stars. | |||
| Polish kings and princes: Władysław IV Waza (1632–1648) [15] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 100 | Alloy: Au 900/1000 (Gold) | Quantity: 2,300 pcs [15] / 2,000 pcs [2] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 3 November 1999 [3] | Diameter:21.00 mm (0.83 in) | Weight:8.00 g (0.28 oz; 0.26 ozt) | Market value: 3600 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On both sides of the Eagle, the date of issue: 19-99. Under the Eagle, the legend: ZŁ 100 ZŁ. On the rim, the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA. Below the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: Bust of the King Władysław IV in an octagonal frame. Around the frame, the legend: WŁADYSŁAW IV WAZA / 1632-1648 | |||
| Polish kings and princes: Władysław IV Waza (bust) [16] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 20,000 pcs [2] [16] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 3 November 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 300 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On both sides of the Eagle, the date of issue: 19-99. Under the Eagle, the legend: ZŁ 10 ZŁ. On the rim, the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA preceded and finished with five pearls. Below the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: Bust of the King Władysław IV Vasa. On the right side, a semicircular inscription: WŁADYSŁAW IV WAZA / 1632-1648. | |||
| Polish kings and princes: Władysław IV Waza (torso) [17] | |||
| Coin designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 10 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 13,000 pcs [2] [17] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 3 November 1999 [3] | Diameter:32.00 mm (1.26 in) | Weight:14.14 g (0.50 oz; 0.45 ozt) | Market value: 800 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On both sides of the Eagle, the date of issue: 19-99. Under the Eagle, the legend: ZŁ 10 ZŁ. On the rim, the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA preceded and finished with five pearls. Below the left talon of the Eagle the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: Torso of the King Władysław IV Vasa in an octagonal frame. On the rim, the legend: WŁADYSŁAW IV WAZA / 1632-1648. | |||
| Castles and palaces of Poland: Radzyń Podlaski [18] | |||
| Obverse designer: Ewa Tyc-Karpińska, Reverse designer: Robert Kotowicz | Mint: Mennica Polska S.A. | ||
| Value: zł 20 | Alloy: Ag 925/1000 (Silver) | Quantity: 15,000 pcs [2] [18] | Quality: Proof |
| Issued: 1 December 1999 [3] | Diameter:38.61 mm (1.52 in) | Weight:28.28 g (1.00 oz; 0.91 ozt) | Market value: 500 zł [2] |
Obverse: An image of the Eagle as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland in a circle with fleur-de-lises. On both sides of the Eagle, the date of issue: 19-99. On the rim the legend: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA ZŁ 20 ZŁ. Under the left talon of the Eagle, the Mint mark: m/w. Reverse: An image of the Potockis´ palace in Radzyń Podlaski. Below, a heraldic sculptor´s composition and an inscription: RADZYŃ PODLASKI. A semicircular inscription above: PAŁAC POTOCKICH. | |||
The złoty is the official currency and legal tender of Poland. It is subdivided into 100 grosz (gr). It is the most traded currency in Central and Eastern Europe and ranks 21st most-traded in the foreign exchange market.
The Great Emigration was the emigration of thousands of Poles and Lithuanians, particularly from the political and cultural élites, from 1831 to 1870, after the failure of the November Uprising of 1830–1831 and of other uprisings such as the Kraków uprising of 1846 and the January Uprising of 1863–1864. The emigration affected almost the entirety of political elite in Congress Poland. The exiles included artists, soldiers and officers of the uprising, members of the Sejm of Congress Poland of 1830–1831 and several prisoners-of-war who escaped from captivity.
Juliusz Słowacki was a Polish Romantic poet. He is considered one of the "Three Bards" of Polish literature — a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama. His works often feature elements of Slavic pagan traditions, Polish history, mysticism and orientalism. His style includes the employment of neologisms and irony. His primary genre was the drama, but he also wrote lyric poetry. His most popular works include the dramas Kordian and Balladyna and the poems Beniowski, Testament mój and Anhelli.
The Wawel Cathedral, formally titled the Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus, is a Roman Catholic cathedral situated on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland. Nearly 1000 years old, it is part of the Wawel Castle Complex and is a national sanctuary which served as the coronation site of Polish monarchs.
The following is a list of monarchs who used the title Duke of Opole and controlled the city and the surrounding area either directly or indirectly.
Romanticism in Poland, a literary, artistic and intellectual period in the evolution of Polish culture, began around 1820, coinciding with the publication of Adam Mickiewicz's first poems in 1822. It ended with the suppression of the January 1863 Uprising against the Russian Empire in 1864. The latter event ushered in a new era in Polish culture known as Positivism.
The National Library is the central Polish library, subject directly to the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of the Republic of Poland.
Wojciech Korneli Stattler or Albert Kornel Stattler was a Polish Romantic painter of Swiss aristocratic ancestry, who started training in Vienna and at age 17 went to St. Luke's Academy in Rome. From 1831 he taught as professor at the School of Fine Arts in Kraków. 1850 he returned to Rome. His most famous pupil was Poland's leading painter of historical figures and events, Jan Matejko.
The Church of the Holy Cross is a Roman Catholic house of worship in Warsaw, Poland. Located on Krakowskie Przedmieście opposite the main Warsaw University campus, it is one of the most notable Baroque churches in Poland's capital.
The 20 Polish Złotych note is a denomination of the Polish złoty.
Poland has a rich selection of gold and silver commemorative coins. In the year 2000 coins were launched in the series: "Animals of the World", "Castles and palaces of Poland", "Polish kings and princes" and various occasional coins.
In the year 2009 coins were issued in the series: "History of the Polish Cavalry", "Animals of the World", "Poland’s path to liberation", "History of Polish Popular Music", "Polish Painters" and various occasional coins.
Poland has a rich selection of gold and silver commemorative coins. In the year 2001 coins were launched in the series: "Monuments of Material Culture in Poland", "Polish kings and princes", "The Animals of the World", "Polish Travelers and Explorers", "The Polish Calendar of Traditional Customs and Rituals" and various occasional coins.
Poland has a rich selection of gold and silver commemorative coins. In 2002 coins were launched in the series: "Polish kings and princes", "The Animals of the World", "Polish Travelers and Explorers", "Monuments of Material Culture in Poland", "Polish Painters of the Turn of 19th & 20th Centuries" and various occasional coins.
The Fryderyk Chopin Museum is a museum in Warsaw, Poland, established in 1954 and dedicated to Polish composer Frédéric Chopin. Since 2005, the museum has been operated by the Fryderyk Chopin Institute.
Franciszek Bajorek was a Polish lawyer, national activist and politician from the region of Zaolzie, Czechoslovakia. He was a member of various organizations active amongst the Polish minority in interbellum Czechoslovakia.
The Chopin Family Parlor was a branch of the Fryderyk Chopin Museum. It was located in the south annex of the Czapski Palace at 5 Krakowskie Przedmieście in Warsaw, Poland. It was the largest room of the former Chopin family apartment where Frédéric Chopin lived with his parents and sisters until he left Poland in 1830.
Maria Wodzińska, primo votoSkarbkowa, secundo votoOrpiszewska, was a Polish artist who was once engaged to composer Frédéric Chopin.
Polish people in Lebanon may refer to people born in or residing in Lebanon of full or partial Polish origin. They are a small group in Lebanon. Almost all of which live in Beirut.
Królewicz was the title given to the sons and daughters of the king of Poland, later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was similar in its distinctiveness to the Spanish and Portuguese title of infante, also reserved to the children of the monarch. Though, it was used only to denote one's status as a King's child. Królewicz and królewna has no direct equivalent in other languages and was translated to the English prince and German prinz, like dynasts of a royal house. Królewicze since the 16th century could not also be regarded as and equivalent to the princes of the blood, because the Polish monarchy was not hereditary since 1573, when after the death of the last Jagiellon king, future Henry III of France was elected. In official Latin titulature children of Polish kings were often styled as Poloniae princeps or princeps Poloniae, meaning Prince/ss of Poland or Polish prince/ss. In more official way, the full style of sons of monarchs was Dei Gratia regius princeps Poloniae et Lithuaniae for the sons.
 Polish currency and coinage | |
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