Commit (version control)

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In version control systems, a commit is an operation which sends the latest changes of the source code to the repository, making these changes part of the head revision of the repository. Unlike commits in data management, commits in version control systems are kept in the repository indefinitely. Thus, when other users do an update or a checkout from the repository, they will receive the latest committed version, unless they specify that they wish to retrieve a previous version of the source code in the repository. Version control systems allow rolling back to previous versions easily. In this context, a commit within a version control system is protected as it is easily rolled back, even after the commit has been applied.

Contents

Usage

Git

To commit a change in git on the command line, assuming git is installed, the following command is run: [1]

git commit -m 'commit message'

This is also assuming that the files within the current directory have been staged as such: [2]

git add .

The above command adds all of the files in the working directory to be staged for the git commit. After the commit has been applied, the last step is to push the commit to the given software repository, in the case below named origin, to the branch main: [3]

git push origin main

Also, a shortcut to add all the unstaged files and make a commit at the same time is: [4]

git commit -a -m 'commit message'

Mercurial (hg)

To commit a change in Mercurial on the command line, assuming hg is installed, the following command is used: [5]

hg commit --message 'Commit Message'

This is also assuming that the files within the current directory have been staged as such:

hg add

The above command adds all of the files in the working directory to be staged for the Mercurial commit. After the commit has been applied, the last step is to push the commit to the given software repository, to the default branch:

hg push

See also

Related Research Articles

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In version control systems, a repository is a data structure that stores metadata for a set of files or directory structure. Depending on whether the version control system in use is distributed, like Git or Mercurial, or centralized, like Subversion, CVS, or Perforce, the whole set of information in the repository may be duplicated on every user's system or may be maintained on a single server. Some of the metadata that a repository contains includes, among other things, a historical record of changes in the repository, a set of commit objects, and a set of references to commit objects, called heads.

In version-control systems, a monorepo is a software-development strategy in which the code for a number of projects is stored in the same repository. This practice dates back to at least the early 2000s, when it was commonly called a shared codebase. Google, Meta, Microsoft, Uber, Airbnb, and Twitter all employ very large monorepos with varying strategies to scale build systems and version control software with a large volume of code and daily changes.

References

  1. ↑ "What's the Git Commit Command? Our 2023 Beginner's Guide". careerfoundry.com. 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  2. ↑ "The git add command for beginners". www.theserverside.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  3. ↑ "GIT Push and Pull Tutorial". DataCamp. 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  4. ↑ "Git - git-commit Documentation". www.git-scm.com. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  5. ↑ "Hg - Mercurial -Quickstart". www.mercurial-scm.com. Retrieved 2018-11-05.
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