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Panniculitis is a group of diseases whose hallmark is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Symptoms include tender skin nodules, and systemic signs such as weight loss and fatigue.
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. It is not an actual lichen, but is named for its appearance. It is characterized by polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules and plaques with overlying, reticulated, fine white scale, commonly affecting dorsal hands, flexural wrists and forearms, trunk, anterior lower legs and oral mucosa. The hue may be gray-brown in people with darker skin. Although there is a broad clinical range of LP manifestations, the skin and oral cavity remain as the major sites of involvement. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be the result of an autoimmune process with an unknown initial trigger. There is no cure, but many different medications and procedures have been used in efforts to control the symptoms.
In humans, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections most commonly present in a mild cutaneous form known as erysipeloid or fish poisoning. E. rhusiopathiae can cause an indolent cellulitis, more commonly in individuals who handle fish and raw meat. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae also causes Swine Erysipelas. It is common in domestic pigs and can be transmitted to humans who work with swine. It gains entry typically by abrasions in the hand. Bacteremia and endocarditis are uncommon but serious sequelae. Due to the rarity of reported human cases, E. rhusiopathiae infections are frequently misidentified at presentation.
A blue nevus is a type of coloured mole, typically a single well-defined blue-black bump.
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disorder.
Paraneoplastic acrokeratosis, or Bazex syndrome is a cutaneous condition characterized by psoriasiform changes of hands, feet, ears, and nose, with involvement of the nails and periungual tissues being characteristic and indistinguishable from psoriatic nails. The condition is associated with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract.
Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia refers to a groups of benign cutaneous disorders characterized by collections of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the skin. Conditions included in this groups are:
Trichofolliculoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a benign, highly structured tumor of the pilosebaceous unit. Trichofolliculoma is a rare tumor of the eyelid. It can be suspected by the “cotton bag sign”
A myxoid cyst is a cutaneous condition often characterized by nail plate depression and grooves.
Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans (PVA), is a cutaneous condition characterized by hypo- or hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia and skin atrophy. Other names for the condition include prereticulotic poikiloderma and atrophic parapsoriasis. The condition was first described by pioneer American pediatrician Abraham Jacobi in 1906. PVA causes areas of affected skin to appear speckled red and inflamed, yellowish and/or brown, gray or grayish-black, with scaling and a thinness that may be described as "cigarette paper". On the surface of the skin, these areas may range in size from small patches, to plaques, to neoplasms.
Flying squirrel typhus is a condition characterized by a rash of early macules, and, later, maculopapules.
Traumatic alopecia is a cutaneous condition that results from the forceful pulling out of the scalp hair.
Bart–Pumphrey syndrome is a cutaneous condition characterized by hyperkeratoses over the metacarpophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints.
Kraurosis vulvae or vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a cutaneous condition characterized by atrophy and shrinkage of the skin of the vagina and vulva often accompanied by a chronic inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues.
Soot tattoos are carbon stains made by inserting soot into the dermis layer of the skin via a drug injection. A drug user may try to sterilize the tip of a needle with a flame, leaving a small amount of soot on the outside of the needle. An injection can carry this residual carbon into the skin, leaving a mark known as a soot tattoo.
Progressive macular hypomelanosis is a common skin condition, a disorder, observed more frequently in young women with darkly pigmented skin who originate from or reside in tropical climates.
Pseudomonal pyoderma is a cutaneous condition, a superficial infection of the skin with P. aeruginosa. The skin can have a 'mousy' odor. It presents typically on the feet with macerated 'moth-eaten' appearance, green-blue purulence, and eroded borders.
Pseudomonas hot-foot syndrome is a self-limited cutaneous condition that occurs on the plantar surface of children after swimming in pool water that has high concentrations of P. aeruginosa. The condition typically presents as plantar purple-red nodules.
Melanoma-associated leukoderma is a cutaneous condition, and is a vitiligo-like depigmentation that can occur in patients with cutaneous or ocular melanoma.
Sarcoidosis, an inflammatory disease, involves the skin in about 25% of patients. The most common lesions are erythema nodosum, plaques, maculopapular eruptions, subcutaneous nodules, and lupus pernio. Treatment is not required, since the lesions usually resolve spontaneously in two to four weeks. Although it may be disfiguring, cutaneous sarcoidosis rarely causes major problems.
References
- ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1024. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
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