Related Research Articles
The politics of Kazakhstan takes place in the framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Kazakhstan is head of state and nominates the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament.
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Mäjilis, with 98 seats which are elected to five-year terms. The upper house is the Senate, which has 50 members.
The Mäjilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan. The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 98 directly-elected seats in the chamber. Members of Parliament are elected to five-year terms.
Presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 4 December 2005. Incumbent president Nursultan Nazarbayev, in power since 1989, sought and won a 3rd term against four other candidates. Opposition candidates were allowed some access to the mass media, but this was still restricted. According to western election observers, opposition candidates also suffered considerable harassment. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) criticized the elections, calling them unfair, but noted improvements.
The Senate of Kazakhstan is the upper house of two chambers in Kazakhstan's legislature, known as the Parliament (Parlamenti). The Senate is composed of elected members: two from each region and two from three municipalities which are Almaty, Astana, and Shymkent.
Nurlan Zairollauly Nigmatulin is a Kazakh politician who served as the Chairman of the Mäjilis from 22 June 2016 to 1 February 2022 and from 20 January 2012 to 3 April 2014. Prior to that, he headed the Presidential Administration of Kazakhstan, and was the first deputy chairman of Nur Otan from 2009 to 2012, and äkim of Karaganda Region from 2006 to 2009.
Snap presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 26 April 2015 to elect the President of Kazakhstan. This was the fifth presidential election held and second without having any formal opposition candidates. With the highest-ever nationwide turnout of 95.2%, the result was a victory for long-term incumbent President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Nur Otan who received 97.8% of the vote, the largest since 1991, thus winning a fifth term in office while his closest challenger, Turgyn Syzdyqov, received only 1.6% of the votes.
Snap presidential elections were held in Kazakhstan on 9 June 2019 to elect the President of Kazakhstan following the resignation of long-term President Nursultan Nazarbayev in March 2019. This was the sixth presidential election held since Kazakhstan's independence. The elections were not free and fair, and were widely denounced as a sham. Acting president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev of Nur Otan won the election.
The Security Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a constitutional advisory body of the Kazakh Government which aides and assists the President of Kazakhstan in implementation of military policy and law enforcement. The President, who is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan, is one of many permanent members of the council, which includes the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff.
Maulen Sagatkhanovich Ashimbayev is a Kazakh politician who is serving as a member and chairman of the Senate of Kazakhstan. He served as the First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration from 2019 to 2020, Assistant to the President of Kazakhstan in 2019, First Deputy Chairman of Nur Otan from 2018 to 2019 and member of the Mäjilis from 2016 to 2018.
Military Courts of the Republic of Kazakhstan are the specialized courts of the Armed Forces of Kazakhstan that deal with criminal cases concerning military personnel and the civilian personnel of the Ministry of Defence. The military courts are part of the judiciary of Kazakhstan. It is often noted as a common criticism that military courts generally have more connection to the government than other courts by virtue of going through the military hierarchy, which has been seen as a threat to judicial independence. Military courts consider civil cases by active servicemen or citizens who undergo military training against their will, among other things.
The Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a state body in Kazakhstan, which heads the unified system of election commissions.
The Chairman of the Mäjilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a government official in Kazakhstan who heads the Mäjilis, one of the Parliament's lower chambers, and is responsible for opening sessions, preside over regular and extraordinary joint meetings. The post was formed on 30 January 1996 at the first parliamentary session opening after the 1995 constitutional referendum which was held in August 1995 where majority of Kazakh voters approved of the new constitution which created a bicameral legislature that included the lower chamber Mäjilis.
The Shymkent City Mäslihat is a unicameral legislature of the city of Shymkent. The councillors of the City Mäslihat are elected concurrently with the MPs of the Mazhilis.
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the 7th convocation was a convocation of the Parliament of Kazakhstan from 2021 to 2023.
The Karaganda Regional Mäslihat is a unicameral legislative branch of the Karaganda Region formed in 1993 where it convenes in Karaganda. As a decision-making body, the Mäslihat adopts resolutions and measures for the region and elects its own Secretary of which is Serık Öteşov. The Mäslihat has 38 members, who since 2021 have been elected through party-list proportional representation. Currently, the legislature is allocated among four parties with the Nur Otan (NO) controlling the majority of 29 seats followed by Ak Zhol Democratic Party (AJ), Auyl People's Democratic Patriotic Party (AUYL), and People's Party of Kazakhstan (QHP) with each having three mandates to be parliamentary opposition to NO's majority.
The 28th Assembly of People of Kazakhstan Session was held on 11 January 2021 following the 2021 legislative elections in Nur-Sultan by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan to elect nine members whose seats were reserved to the Mazhilis. 351 of 504 Assembly of People of Kazakhstan (QHA) members took part in voting to elect new Mazhilis members from the QHA of whom were: Sauytbek Abdrahmanov, Avetik Amirkhanyan, Ilyas Bularov, Natalya Dementyeva, Yuri Li, Vakil Nabiev, Shamil Osin, Vladimir Tokhtasunov, and Abilfas Khamedov.
The 23rd Extraordinary Assembly of People of Kazakhstan Session was held on 21 March 2016 at the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation in Astana following the 2016 legislative elections. From there, 372 of 446 Assembly of People of Kazakhstan (QHA) members took part in voting for its nine nominees to the Mazhilis of which the seats were reserved to. As a result, nine new members were elected whom were: Sauytbek Adrahmanov, Vladimir Bozhko, Natalya Zhumadildaeva, Roman Kim, Narine Mikaelyan, Akhmed Muradov, Shaimardan Nurumov, Yuriy Tymoshenko, and Shakir Khakhazov.
A constitutional referendum in Kazakhstan, locally called the Republican referendum, was held on 5 June 2022. It was the third referendum since Kazakhstan's independence in 1991, and the first since the 1995 referendum that established the current constitution. The amendments followed violent civil unrest in early January caused by worsening economic conditions and subsequent calls for rapid political reform. The referendum changed 33 of the document's 98 articles. Political commentators assessed that amendments would lessen the influence of the executive branch, grant more powers to the Parliament, and eliminate the powers that former president Nursultan Nazarbayev had retained after resigning from office in 2019.
The acting president of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a temporary post provided by the Constitution of Kazakhstan. This role is assumed by an individual who fulfills the duties of the president of Kazakhstan in cases of incapacity or vacancy. However, the acting president is more limited in power, as they cannot propose constitutional amendments.
References
- ↑ Rosten, Keith (2005). Once in Kazakhstan: The Snow Leopard Emerges. iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-32782-9.
- ↑ "On the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan - "Adilet" ILS". adilet.zan.kz. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
- ↑ "Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan". concourt.am. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
- ↑ "Конституция Республики Казахстан — Официальный сайт Президента Республики Казахстан". Akorda.kz. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
- ↑ "On the Constitutional Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (PDF). 2015-10-27. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
- 1 2 Section VI. The Constitutional Council The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 | This article about government and politics in Kazakhstan is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This article about law in Asia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |