The Cortes of Tarazona of 1592 were Cortes of the Kingdom of Aragon summoned by Felipe II, being the first Aragonese courts celebrated after the entrance in the kingdom of the royal army to suffocate the alterations of Aragon. The Cortes began on June 15, 1592, and closed on December 2, 1592.
These courts were held after the confrontations in Zaragoza between the supporters of Antonio Pérez on one side, and the Aragonese institutions and the Holy Office on the other, which led to the assassination of the royal representative in the lawsuit of the foreign viceroy, the Marquis of Almenara, the flight of Antonio Pérez, and the king's decision to enter an army into Aragon to restore order. The Diputación and the Justicia de Aragón decided to resist the royal army, but the lack of support outside of Zaragoza made the rebels give up and the royal army entered Aragon and Zaragoza without encountering any resistance. The king had the Justicia and other leaders of the uprising executed and imprisoned others who had supported the mutineers, such as the Marquis of Villahermosa and the Count of Aranda. The royal army remained stationed in various locations in Aragon during the celebration of these courts.
The cortes were summoned by cedula issued in Madrid on April 6, 1592, to begin on May 9 in Tarazona, the Aragonese city closest to the border with Castile. The king requested that, due to his other responsibilities and his state of health, the Cortes be allowed to be inaugurated and presided over by the Archbishop of Zaragoza, Andrés de Cabrera y Bobadilla, promising to attend to their closure. [1] After negotiating with the arms, the proposal was accepted and the cortes could be inaugurated on June 15, with the bishop of Huesca making the response to the royal proposal, instead of the archbishop of Zaragoza as was the custom. [2] The important role of Justice, vacant since the execution of Juan de Lanuza y Urrea, was carried out by the regent of the office of Justice, Martín Bautista de Lanuza, who would later be appointed by the king as president of the Supreme Council of the Crown of Aragon and by his successor as Justice of Aragon. The archbishop of Zaragoza died on August 25, after which the regent of the Supreme Council of Aragon was empowered to hold the solio of approval of the charter authorizing the making of decisions by a majority of the arms.
The main decisions taken by these courts were:
The arms also asked the king to withdraw his army from Aragon and granted him a service of 700,000 Jaquesan pounds.
The king arrived in Tarazona on November 30, after the main culprits of the disturbances had been executed and the Count of Aranda and the Marquis Villahermosa had died in prison. His first disposition was to name Juan Campi as Justice of Aragon, who was the regent of the Supreme Council of Aragon and who would die a few days later, and the king later named Urbano Jiménez de Aragues. He also granted a general pardon to all those who were then imprisoned or indicted in Aragon for the disturbances, with the exception of the lieutenants of the Justice and lawyers who supported the resistance to the royal army, who were banished, and two more condemned. [11] On December 2, Prince Felipe was sworn in as crown prince of Aragon and the king sanctioned the approved fueros, closing the courts. [12]
The royal army, except for the garrisons of the citadel of Jaca and the Aljafería of Zaragoza, left Aragon the following year, after the Moors were disarmed, with some units going to Italy, others to Roussillon and others returning to Castile. [13]
| Predecessor | 1592 Cortes of the Kingdom of Aragon | Successor: |
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Alfonso I, called the Battler or the Warrior, was King of Aragon and Navarre from 1104 until his death in 1134. He was the second son of King Sancho Ramírez and successor of his brother Peter I. With his marriage to Urraca, queen regnant of Castile, León and Galicia, in 1109, he began to use, with some justification, the grandiose title Emperor of Spain, formerly employed by his father-in-law, Alfonso VI. Alfonso the Battler earned his sobriquet in the Reconquista. He won his greatest military successes in the middle Ebro, where he conquered Zaragoza in 1118 and took Ejea, Tudela, Calatayud, Borja, Tarazona, Daroca, and Monreal del Campo. He died in September 1134 after an unsuccessful battle with the Muslims at the Battle of Fraga.
Aragon is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza. The current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a historic nationality of Spain.
The Crown of Aragon was a composite monarchy ruled by one king, originated by the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona and ended as a consequence of the War of the Spanish Succession. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean empire which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy and parts of Greece.
Tarazona is a town and municipality in the Tarazona y el Moncayo comarca, province of Zaragoza, in Aragon, Spain. It is the capital of the Tarazona y el Moncayo Aragonese comarca. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarazona. Located on the river Queiles, a tributary of the Ebro, Tarazona was an important regional centre of ancient Rome, known as Turiaso, located around 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Bilbilis. The city later came under the rule of the Visigoths, who called it Tirasona.
Antonio Pérez del Hierro was a Spanish statesman and secretary of king Philip II of Spain.
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The Union of Aragon or "Union of the Nobles" was an anti-royalist movement among the nobility and the townsmen of the lands of the Crown of Aragon during the last quarter of the thirteenth century. Its efforts culminated in a series of articles confirming the privileges of the aristocracy and the cities and circumscribing the power of the monarchy known as the Magna Carta of Aragon.
Duke of Villahermosa is a hereditary title in the peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1476 by John II to Alfonso de Aragón, a half-brother of Ferdinand II.
Damián Forment was a Aragonese Spanish architect and sculptor, considered the most important Spanish sculptor of the 16th century.
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Juan Ximénez (or Jiménez) Cerdán (c. 1355 – aft. 1435) was a fiscal and constitutional lawyer and legal theorist who served as the Justicia Mayor of the Kingdom of Aragon from 1390 until 1423. He was a son of Domingo Ximénez Cerdán, also a Justicia, and María Sanz de Aliaga. He married María Pérez del Sou. In his capacity as Justicia he presided over the important Cortes of 1398 (during the succession dispute between Martin I of Sicily and Matthew of Foix) and 1412 (in the leadup to the Compromise of Caspe, in which he supported Ferdinand of Antequera). When he was eighty years old, at the request of Martín Díez de Aux, Juan wrote a Carta or Letra intimada ("intimate letter") detailing the history of the office of the Justiciazgo. It was later published in the final edition of the Fueros y observancias de Aragón (1624) and was an important source for the legend of the Laws of Sobrarbe. Here is his description of how the office of Justicia arose:
Certain peoples conquered from the Moors a certain part of the kingdom in the mountains of Sobrarbe, and since these were communities with neither governor nor alderman, and given that there were many disputes and debates among them, it was determined that, to avoid such problems and so that they might live in peace, they should elect a king to reign over them ... but that there should be a Judge between them and the king, who would hold the title of Justicia of Aragon. It is held by some that the Justicia was elected before the king, and that the king was elected under such conditions. Since then there has always been a Justicia of Aragon in the kingdom, cognisant of all procedures regarding the king, as much in petitioning as in defence.
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The Council of Aragon, officially, the Royal and Supreme Council of Aragon, was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Spanish Empire in Europe, second only to the monarch himself. It administered the Crown of Aragon, which was composed of the Kingdom of Aragon, Principality of Catalonia, Kingdom of Valencia, Kingdom of Mallorca, and finally the Kingdom of Sardinia. The Aragonese possessions in Southern Italy were later incorporated into the Council of Italy, together with the Duchy of Milan, in 1556. The Council of Aragon ruled these territories as a part of Spain, and later the Iberian Union.
Luis María Beamonte Mesa is a Spanish People's Party politician. He is a member of the Cortes of Aragon, where he has led his party since 2019. He was previously the mayor of Tarazona (2007–2019) and president of the provincial deputation of the Province of Zaragoza (2011–2015).
The Justicia de Aragón is the name of an important public office that existed in the Kingdom of Aragon from the beginning of at least the 12th century until 1711, and again from 1982 onwards.
The Fueros de Sobrarbe are a mythical set of charters allegedly enacted during the 850s in the Pyrenean valley of Sobrarbe. The Fueros were said to have been issued by Christian refugees fleeing from the Muslim invasion of the Iberian peninsula, and enshrined the aragonese legal custom of placing laws before kings. Although the charters were extensively studied and exploited in later centuries, modern scholarship regards them as a fabrication.
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