The Council for the Registration of Schools Teaching Dyslexic Pupils (CReSTeD) is a charity which maintains a register of schools for dyslexic children in the United Kingdom. The use of upper and lower case letters for the acronym CReSTeD is an attempt to graphically represent the difficulties a person with dyslexia experiences when trying to read.
CResTeD was established as a charity [1] in 1989 by the British Dyslexia Association and the, then, Dyslexia Institute (now Dyslexia Action), with the aim of evaluating schools for teaching dyslexic students and maintaining an up-to-date register of these schools. [2]
To facilitate access to the register of schools, the charity produces the Register in booklet form and makes the information available via the internet on the charity's website. The printed booklet is circulated widely to Local Education Authorities, SNAP (Special Needs and Parents) offices and to other interested bodies. It is also available on request directly from CReSTeD free of charge.
The Register booklet is reprinted once a year. However, the charity's website is maintained throughout the year, and any changes to registration are recorded on an ongoing basis. [3] Schools wishing to maintain their registration re-apply every three years, when a further visit will be undertaken to ensure standards have been maintained. [4] Around 90 schools were listed as registered in 2012. [5]
The Register is also made available in digital formats: ibook, [6] ebook [7] and pdf, [8] the digital versions contain additional material for each school as well as advice regarding Specific Learning Difficulties. All publications are made available free of charge.
Parents in the British Armed Forces whose children have a diagnosis of dyslexia are eligible for a Continuity of Education Allowance if their child attends a CReSTeD-registered school, registered as category DSP (Dyslexia Specialist Provision School), SPS (Specialist Provision School) or DU (Dyslexia Unit). [9]
Registration with CReSTeD is voluntary, schools apply to be included. However, there is a strict application procedure:
CReSTeD places schools into several categories. [11] Dyslexia Specialist Provision Schools are schools which focus specifically on teaching dyslexic pupils. Specialist Provision Schools are primarily intended for children with special learning difficulties, including, but not limited to, autistic spectrum disorder. Schools which have a specialist unit on-site devoted to teaching dyslexic students are referred to as Dyslexia Units. Schools without distinct units, but with separate classes for dyslexic students in some or all subjects, are categorized as Specialist Classes. Schools with a Withdrawal System place students in regular classes for some instruction, but dyslexic students are withdrawn from some classes for specialist tuition. Maintained Sector schools have inclusion and support strategies for dyslexic students. [12]
CReSTeD is a charity registered in England and Wales. It does not receive financial support from central or local government or from any other statutory bodies. All costs associated with the charity are funded by charging schools an annual registration fee of £550 per annum to independent schools and £250 a year to maintained schools. [13] A charge is made to schools for the first registration visit, the cost of subsequent re-registration visits being included within the annual registration fee.
Dyslexia, also known until the 1960s as word blindness, is a disorder characterized by reading below the expected level for one's age. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. The difficulties are involuntary, and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. People with dyslexia have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental language disorders, and difficulties with numbers.
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Management of dyslexia depends on a multiple of variables; there is no one specific strategy or set of strategies which will work for all who have dyslexia.
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Dyslexia Action founded in 1972 is an organisation, based in Staines, Surrey, England, with three main divisions:
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Learning Ally, which was previously named Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic (RFB&D), is a non-profit volunteer organization operating nationwide in the United States. It produces and maintains a library of educational accessible audiobooks for people who cannot effectively read standard print because of visual impairment, dyslexia, or other disabilities.
Susan Parkinson is best known as an English potter and for her work with the Arts Dyslexia Trust.
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OpenDyslexic is a free typeface/font designed to mitigate some of the common reading errors caused by dyslexia. The typeface was created by Abelardo González, who released it through an open-source license. The design is based on DejaVu Sans, also an open-source font.
The Kildonan School was a private coeducational boarding and day school in Amenia, New York, for students with dyslexia and language-based learning disabilities. It offered daily one-to-one Orton-Gillingham language remediation and a college preparatory curriculum for students in grades 2-12 and PG (post-graduate).
Judit Kormos is a Hungarian-born British linguist. She is a professor and the Director of Studies for the MA TESOL Distance programme at the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University, United Kingdom. She is renowned for her work on motivation in second language learning, and self-regulation in second language writing. Her current interest is in dyslexia in second language learning.
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