Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood

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The Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood (CRB) (Croatian : Hrvatsko Revolucionarno Bratstvo or HRB), also known as Ustasha, was an Australian-based Croatian separatist terrorist organisation. [1] [2] [3] [4]

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The organisation was established by four Croatian emigres: Jure Maric, Ilija Tolic, Josip Oblak, and Geza Pasti. Geza Pasti was a former Ustashi officer. [5] The organisation carried out terrorist actions in Europe and Australia. [6] The organisation was active throughout the territory of Yugoslavia in the early and mid-1960s. Its aim was to start an uprising in Yugoslavia and to establish an independent Croatia. This mission failed due to the intervention of the State Security Administration, the Yugoslav secret police. [7]

In 1972 CRB was renamed to Croatian Illegal Revolutionary Organization. [5]

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Notable members

Some notable CRB members were:

These people were also members of Ante Pavelić's Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) but they left that organisation because they decided they would not achieve their goals through the political route. [5]

UDBA, the Yugoslav secret police, attempted to curb the group's terrorist activities by engaging in covert assassinations of its members. Geza Pašti was killed in Nice in 1965, and Marijan Šimundić was killed in Stuttgart in 1967. [12]

The CRB/HRB's motto was: "Život za Hrvatsku" ["Life for Croatia"].[ citation needed ]

See also

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References

  1. Jaensch, Dean (1992). The Macmillan Dictionary of Australian politics. Melbourne: Macmillan. p. 215. ISBN   978-0-7329-1445-5.
  2. Atkins, Stephen E. (1992). Terrorism: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara. Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 109. ISBN   978-0-87436-670-9.
  3. Aarons, Mark (2001). War Criminals Welcome: Australia, A Sanctuary for Fugitive War Criminals Since 1945. Melbourne: Black Inc. p. 15.
  4. Koschade 2009, p. 12, 296.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Brawley, Sean (2009). "Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood". Doomed to Repeat? Terrorism and the Lessons of History. New Academia Publishing. ISBN   9781955835046.
  6. Cain, Frank (1994). "ASIO in the 1960s and 1970s" . The Australian Security Intelligence Organization: An Unofficial History. Abington; New York, NY: F. Cass. pp. 206–207. ISBN   978-1-136-29385-6. OCLC   819635772 via Internet Archive.
  7. Hockenos, Paul (2003). "Chapter 3: The Avengers of Bleiburg". Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism and the Balkan Wars. pp. 60–61. doi:10.7591/9781501725654. ISBN   978-1-5017-2565-4. OCLC   606993935.
  8. Adriano & Cingolani 2018, pp. 434–435.
  9. Tokic, Mate Nikola (6 August 2012). "The End of 'Historical-Ideological Bedazzlement': Cold War Politics and Emigre Croatian Separatist Violence, 1950-1980". Social Science History. 36 (3). Duke University Press: 421–445. doi:10.1215/01455532-1595408. ISSN   0145-5532. JSTOR   23258106. S2CID   246273836.
  10. Tokić, Mate Nikola (2011). "Party Politics, National Security, and Émigré Political Violence in Australia, 1949–1973" . In Heitmeyer, Wilhelm; Haupt, Heinz-Gerhard; Malthaner, Stefan; Kirschner, Andrea (eds.). Control of Violence. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 395–396. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0383-9. ISBN   978-1-4419-0382-2. OCLC   695388665.
  11. Brawley, Sean (2009). Doomed to Repeat? Terrorism and the Lessons of History. Washington, DC: New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 283–298. ISBN   978-1-955835-04-6. OCLC   1265464219.
  12. Adriano & Cingolani 2018, p. 434.

Bibliography