Crown of the Realm

Last updated March 22, 2019

The Crown of the Realm (Sardinian: Corona de Logu) was a political institution in Sardinia that acted as legislature during Sardinia's Giudicati era.^[1]

Sardinian language Romance language indigenous to the island of Sardinia

Sardinian or Sard is the primary indigenous Romance language spoken by the Sardinians on most of the island of Sardinia. Many Romance linguists consider it the closest genealogical descendant to Latin. However, it also incorporates a Pre-Latin substratum, as well as a Byzantine Greek, Catalan, Spanish and Italian superstratum due to the political membership of the island, which became a Byzantine possession followed by a significant period of self-rule, fell into the Iberian sphere of influence in the late Middle Ages, and eventually into the Italian one in the 18th century.

It was made up of the majorales (or "wise men") of each region, including the curadores and the majores (or "aldermen") as well as the local píscamos (who acted more like high prelates),^[2] and existed to advise the judiches . The majorales were usually either relatives of the judiche or belonged to reliable local families. In essence, it was more-or-less identical to the witenagemot of Anglo-Saxon England in both its composition of officials and its purpose. The Crown nominated the "Deemster King" Judiche, and attributed the supreme power, maintaining the powers to ratify the acts and the laws which regarded the whole realm.

A bishop is an ordained, consecrated, or appointed member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.

The Witenaġemot, also known as the Witan was a political institution in Anglo-Saxon England which operated from before the 7th century until the 11th century. The Witenagemot was an assembly of the tribe whose primary function was to advise the king and whose membership was composed of the most important noblemen in England, both ecclesiastic and secular. The institution is thought to represent an aristocratic development of the ancient Germanic general assemblies, or folkmoots. In England, by the 7th century, these ancient folkmoots had developed into convocations of the land's most powerful and important people, including ealdormen, thegns, and senior clergy, to discuss matters of both national and local significance.

The Supreme Magistrate of the Crown was the "Deemster King" Judiche, although they could be substituted for a curadore or a majore if need be. The moots were in the capital (or wherever the judiche lived).

The Sardinian word logu literally means "place", but when capitalised it refers to a judicadu . It is derived from Latin locus (originally "stlocus" in Old Latin) from Proto-Indo-European *stel- ("to place", "to locate").

Old Latin, also known as Early Latin or Archaic Latin, refers to the Latin language in the period before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin. It is ultimately descended from the Proto-Italic language.

Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, the most widely spoken language family in the world.

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Logudorese Sardinian is one of the two written standards of Sardinian, often considered the most conservative of all Romance languages. The orthography is based on the spoken dialects of central northern Sardinia, identified by certain attributes which are not found, or found to a lesser degree, among the Sardinian dialects centered on the other written form, Campidanese. Its ISO 639-3 code is src. Italian-speakers do not understand Logudorese, like any other dialect of the Sardinian language: Sardinian is an autonomous linguistic group rather than a dialect of Italian as it is often noted because of its morphological, synctatic, and lexical differences from Italian.

Sassari is an Italian city and the second-largest of Sardinia in terms of population with 127,525 inhabitants, and a Functional Urban Area of about 222,000 inhabitants. One of the oldest cities on the island, it contains a considerable collection of art.

Archaeological evidence of prehistoric human settlement on the island of Sardinia is present in the form of nuraghes and others prehistoric monuments, which dot the land. The recorded history of Sardinia begins with its contacts with the various people who sought to dominate western Mediterranean trade in Classical Antiquity: Phoenicians, Punics and Romans. Initially under the political and economic alliance with the Phoenician cities, it was partly conquered by Carthage in the late 6th century BC and then entirely by Rome after the First Punic War. The island was included for centuries in the Roman province of Corsica et Sardinia, included in 3rd and 4th centuries in the Italia suburbicaria diocese.

Charles Felix was the Duke of Savoy, Piedmont, Aosta and King of Sardinia from 1821 to 1831.

Eleanor of Arborea queen regnant (monarch) of Arborea in Sardinia

Eleanor of Arborea was one of the most powerful and important, and one of the last, judges of Sardinia, and Sardinia's most famous heroine.

The Judicates ; in English also referred to as Sardinian Kingdoms, Sardinian Judgedoms or Judicatures, were independent states that took power in Sardinia in the Middle Ages, between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. They were sovereign states with summa potestas, each with a ruler called judge, with the powers of a king.

The Crown of Aragon was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean "empire" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy and parts of Greece. The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each Corts or Cortes. Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name.

Giovanni Maria Angioy was a Sardinian politician and patriot and is considered to be a national hero by Sardinian nationalists. Although best known for his political activities, Angioy was a university lecturer, a judge for the Reale Udienza, an entrepreneur and a banker.

The flag of Sardinia, called the flag of the Four Moors or simply the Four Moors, is the flag of the island of Sardinia (Italy), first officially adopted by the autonomous region in 1950 with a revision in 1999, describing it as a "white field with a red cross and a bandaged Moor's head facing away from the left in each quarter". It was also the historical flag and coat of arms of the Spanish and later Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia.

The Logudoro is a large traditional region in central-northern Sardinia, Italy. The local dialect is known as Logudorese.

The Carta de Logu was a legal code of the Judicate of Arborea, written in Sardinian language and promulgated by the iudex Eleanor of Arborea in 1392. It was in force in Sardinia until it was superseded by the Savoyard code of Charles Felix in April 1827.

The Kingdom of Sardinia was a state in Southern Europe from the early 14th until the mid-19th century.

The Sardinians, or also the Sards, are the native people and ethnic group from which Sardinia, a western Mediterranean island and autonomous region of Italy, derives its name.

The Perfect Fusion was the 1847 act of the Savoyard king Charles Albert of Sardinia which abolished the administrative differences between the Mainland states and the island of Sardinia, in a fashion similar to the Acts of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800.

The history of the Jews in Sardinia can be traced over two millennia. Sardinia is an island southwest of Italy and south of the French island of Corsica. Its coordinates are between 8° 4′ and 9° 49′ E. longitude, and between 38° 55′ and 41° 16′ N. latitude. The modest Jewish community in Sardinia consisted of Sephardic Jews of Spanish and Italian descent.

The Stamenti was the parliament of Sardinia, consisting of representatives of the three estates of the realm. The term "stamenti" is the plural of "stamento", itself an Italianisation of the old Spanish word "estamento", which referred to an estate of the realm. The Sardinian parliament was divided into three traditional estates: the first or ecclesiastical estate, the second or baronial estate and the third or peasant estate. These were also called bracci, meaning "arms". It had the power to authorise taxation, although its powers were executed by a commission of deputies after 1721 and it was abolished in the "perfect fusion" of the Savoyard realm in 1847, replaced by the Subalpine Senate. It would be almost a hundred years before Sardinia received an autonomous parliament again (1946).

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References

↑ Domenico, Roy Palmer (2002). The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 257. ISBN 0313307334.
↑ Andrews, Frances (2013). Churchmen and Urban Government in Late Medieval Italy, c.1200–c.1450: Cases and Contexts. Cambridge University Press. p. 323. ISBN 1107661757.

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[1] Domenico, Roy Palmer (2002). The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 257. ISBN 0313307334.

[2] Andrews, Frances (2013). Churchmen and Urban Government in Late Medieval Italy, c.1200–c.1450: Cases and Contexts. Cambridge University Press. p. 323. ISBN 1107661757.