The cuts of pork are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts , which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg. [1] [2] These are often sold wholesale, as are other parts of the pig with less meat, such as the head, feet and tail. Retail cuts are the specific cuts which are used to obtain different kinds of meat, such as tenderloin and ham. There are at least 25 Iberian pork cuts, including jamón. [3]
The head of the pig can be used to make brawn, stocks, and soups. After boiling, the ears can be fried [4] or baked and eaten separately. The cheeks can be cured and smoked to make jowls, known as carrillada or carrileja in Spanish-speaking countries. The face of Iberian pigs is known as pestorejo or careta, and it includes the ears and snout (morro). [3] The lower parts of the head are the neck (papada) and the amygdalae (castañetas). [3] In the Philippines, the pig's face (the jowls, snout, and ears) is also a distinct cut called maskara ('mask'). [5] The tongue, which weighs around 250 grams, is also eaten. [3]
Above the front limbs and behind the head is the shoulder blade. [2] It can be boned out and rolled up as a roasting joint, or cured as "collar bacon". Also known as spare rib roast and joint, it is not to be confused with the rack of spare ribs from the front belly. Pork butt, despite its name, is from the upper part of the shoulder. The Boston butt, or Boston-style shoulder cut, comes from this area and may contain the shoulder blade. Mexican carnitas [1] and Iberian aguja [3] are also sourced from this part. Between the aguja and the lomo (loin) is the presa, which is considered the finest cut of Iberian pork. [3] Two well-marbled 600 g cuts of presa are obtained from each Iberian pig. [3] Two smaller 100 g cuts known as pluma are obtained from beneath the presa. [3] The Italian coppa is obtained from the top of the shoulder.
The arm shoulder [2] can be cured on the bone to make a ham-like product ("picnic ham") or be used in sausages. The hands (or paletas in Ibérico pigs) refer to the front legs, as opposed to the hind legs, which are hams or jamones. [3] Between the paleta and the belly is a 150-200 g cut known as secreto which is very popular in Spain. [3]
The loin [6] can be cured to make back bacon or Canadian-style bacon. The loin and belly can be cured together to make a side of bacon. The loin can also be divided up into roasts (blade loin roasts, centre loin roasts, and sirloin roasts come from the front, centre, or rear of the loin), back ribs (also called baby back ribs, or riblets), pork cutlets, and pork chops (chuletas). A pork loin crown roast is arranged into a circle, either boneless or with rib bones protruding upward as points in a crown. Pork tenderloin, removed from the loin, should be practically free of fat. It is known as lomo in Spain, where it is most often prepared as a filete or cured as a caña de lomo. [3] This high-quality meat shows a very ordered arrangement of muscle cells that can cause light diffraction and structural coloration. [7]
The subcutaneous fat and skin on the back (fatback) are used to make pork rinds, a variety of cured "meats", lardons, and lard. British pork scratchings and Hispanic chicharrones are also prepared from this cut.
Spare ribs are taken from the pig's ribs and the meat surrounding the bones. St. Louis–style spareribs have the sternum, cartilage and skirt meat removed. The term abanico is used to refer to the ribs of Iberian pigs. It is very fatty and commonly barbecued. [3]
The belly, although a fattier meat, can be used for steaks or diced as stir-fry meat. Pork belly may be rolled for roasting or cut for streaky bacon. It is the source of Italian pancetta and Spanish panceta. [3]
Although any cut of pork can be cured, technically speaking only the back leg is entitled to be called a ham. Legs and shoulders, when used fresh, are usually cut bone-in for roasting, or leg steaks can be cut from the bone. Three common cuts of the leg include the rump (upper portion), centre, and shank (lower portion). The ham of Iberian pigs is known as jamón .
The joint between the feet and the leg, known as ham hock or pork knuckles, is cooked in many European countries, including Austria (stelze), Czech Republic (koleno), Germany ( eisbein and schweinshaxe ), Hungary (csülök), Poland (golonka), Spain (codillo), Sweden ( Fläsklägg ) and Switzerland (wädli).
Both the front and hind trotters can be cooked and eaten. They are colloquially known as "pigs feet" in the Southern United States [8] and as manitas de cerdo in Spanish-speaking regions. [3]
The intestines (chitterlings) and other internal organs (offal) are often boiled or stewed. The testicles (criadillas) are also eaten.
The tail has very little meat as it is mostly composed of connective tissue. It can be roasted or fried, which makes the skin crisp and the bone soft. It has a strong flavour. [8] Leonese botillo is made of chopped tail, ribs and bones, which are seasoned, stuffed in the cecum and smoked.
Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking. As a processed meat, the term ham includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically formed.
A beefsteak, often called just steak, is a flat cut of beef with parallel faces, usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers. In common restaurant service a single serving has a raw mass ranging from 120 to 600 grams. Beef steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized.
Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish, used as a central ingredient, or as a flavouring or accent. Regular bacon consumption is associated with increased mortality and other health concerns.
Sheep meat is one of the most common meats around the world, taken from the domestic sheep, Ovis aries, and generally divided into lamb, from sheep in their first year, hogget, from sheep in their second, and mutton, from older sheep. Generally, "hogget" and "sheep meat" are not used by consumers outside Norway, New Zealand, South Africa, Scotland, and Australia. Hogget has become more common in England, particularly in the North often in association with rare breed and organic farming.
Pork belly or belly pork is a boneless, fatty cut of pork from the belly of a pig. Pork belly is particularly popular in American, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Polish, Hispanic, Filipino, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Thai cuisine.
A pork chop, like other meat chops, is a loin cut taken perpendicular to the spine of the pig and is usually a rib or part of a vertebra. Pork chops are unprocessed and leaner than other cuts. Chops are commonly served as an individual portion, and can be accompanied with applesauce, vegetables, and other sides. Pork is one of the most commonly consumed meats in the world. In the United States, pork chops are the most commonly consumed meat cut from the pork loin and account for 10% of total pork consumption.
Pork ribs are a cut of pork popular in Western and Asian cuisines. The ribcage of a domestic pig, meat and bones together, is cut into usable pieces, prepared by smoking, grilling, or baking – usually with a sauce, often barbecue – and then served.
Jamón ibérico, known in Portuguese as presunto ibérico, is a variety of jamón or presunto, a type of cured leg of pork produced in Spain and Portugal, in the Iberian Peninsula. It is considered a staple of both Portuguese cuisine and Spanish cuisine.
During butchering, beef is first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from hoof and horn increases.
Pork loin is a cut of meat from a pig, created from the tissue along the dorsal side of the rib cage.
Spare ribs are a variety of ribs cut from the lower portion of a pig, specifically the belly and breastbone, behind the shoulder, and include 11 to 13 long bones. Meat and fat cover the bones. Spare ribs (pork) are distinguished from short ribs, which are beef. Spareribs are typically cooked low and slow, either smoked, grilled, or braised.
A primal cut or cut of meat is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering. Examples of primals include the round, loin, rib, and chuck for beef or the ham, loin, Boston butt, and picnic for pork.
A meat chop is a cut of meat cut perpendicular to the spine, and usually containing a rib or riblet part of a vertebra and served as an individual portion. The most common kinds of meat chops are pork and lamb. A thin boneless chop, or one with only the rib bone, may be called a cutlet, though the difference is not always clear. The term "chop" is not usually used for beef, but a T-bone steak is essentially a loin chop, a rib steak and a rib cutlet.
Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the pig. It is the second-most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE.
Beher and also called Bernardo Hernández, is a Spanish ham producer company that has worldwide fame. It is situated in the town of Guijuelo, in the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Jamón de Guijuelo. This third generation family company was founded in the 1930s and is now one of the 300 biggest companies in Castile and León.
A steak is a thick cut of meat sliced across the muscle fibers, sometimes including a bone. It is normally grilled or fried. Steak can be diced, or cooked in sauce, as in steak and kidney pie.
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